Filing a judicial review for a refused visa application in Canada is a legal process where you ask the Federal Court to review a decision made by an immigration officer or tribunal. Here’s a breakdown of the steps involved and the chances of success:

🔹 Steps to File a Judicial Review in Canada

1. Obtain the Refusal Letter

• This is your starting point. The reasons for refusal will help determine whether a judicial review is appropriate.

2. Consult an Immigration Lawyer (Highly Recommended)

• Judicial reviews are complex and procedural. Most applicants work with a lawyer to assess whether there’s a valid legal error in the decision.

3. File a “Notice of Application” (Leave Stage)

• You have 15 days from the date of refusal (if refused inside Canada), or 60 days (if outside Canada), to file a notice.

• You are requesting “leave” (permission) from the Federal Court to have your case reviewed.

4. Prepare and File the Applicant’s Record

• This includes affidavits, the refusal letter, the immigration application package, legal arguments (memorandum of law), and a list of authorities.

• Usually due 30 days after filing the notice.

5. Government Responds (Respondent’s Record)

• The Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship (or CBSA, depending on the case) files their response.

6. Reply (Optional)

• You may file a reply to the government’s response, typically within 10 days.

7. Court Decides Leave Application

• If leave is granted, the case proceeds to an oral hearing.

• If denied, the review ends and the refusal stands.

8. Judicial Review Hearing (If Leave is Granted)

• The lawyer will argue that the immigration officer made a legal error (e.g., acted unreasonably, ignored evidence, violated procedural fairness).

• No new evidence can be submitted—only the existing record is considered.

9. Court Decision

• If successful, the court will set aside the decision and remit it back to a different officer for re-determination.

• The court does not approve the visa, only ensures the decision was fair and lawful.

🔹 Chances of Success

Success rates depend on:

• The strength of the legal error (not simply disagreement with the outcome).

• Whether procedural fairness was violated (e.g., not considering key documents).

• Type of visa refused (study permits and LMIA-based work permits tend to see more litigation).

• Quality of legal representation.

Statistical estimates:

• Leave granted in ~30–40% of cases.

• If leave is granted, success at hearing is estimated at 40–50% depending on facts.

Pax Law has 80%+ success rate, experience of thousands of files, and over 80 court decisions as of 10 June 2025!

🔹 Tips for Increasing Your Chances

• Retain a lawyer experienced in Federal Court immigration litigation.

• Ensure the refusal reasons are clearly rebutted using existing record evidence.

• Avoid delays—tight deadlines apply.