Njengebhizinisi laseCanada, ukuqonda inqubo yokuhlolwa komphumela we-Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) kanye nokwehlukanisa phakathi kwezigaba zamaholo aphezulu kanye namaholo aphansi kungase kuzwakale njengokuzulazula ku-labyrinth eyinkimbinkimbi. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi usikhanyisela ngenkinga yamaholo aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namaholo aphansi ngaphakathi komongo we-LMIA, uhlinzeka ngemininingwane esebenzayo kubaqashi abafuna ukuqasha abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe. Sihlolisisa izici ezichazayo zesigaba ngasinye, izimfuneko, kanye nemithelela ebhizinisini lakho, sikunikeza indlela ecacile emhlabeni oyinkimbinkimbi wenqubomgomo yokufudukela eCanada. Lungela ukuvula imfihlakalo ye-LMIA futhi ungene emhlabeni wokuthatha izinqumo unolwazi.
Umholo Ophakeme kanye Nomholo Ophansi ku-LMIA
Ake siqale ngokuchaza amagama amabili abalulekile engxoxweni yethu: izikhundla zamaholo aphezulu kanye neziphansi. Emkhakheni wokufika kwabantu baseCanada, isikhundla sithathwa 'njengeholo eliphezulu' lapho iholo elinikezwayo lingaphezulu noma ngaphezulu umholo wehora omaphakathi ngomsebenzi othile endaweni ethile lapho umsebenzi ukhona. Ngokuphambene, isikhundla 'somholo ophansi' singesinye lapho iholo elinikezwayo liwela ngaphansi kwe-median.
Lezi zigaba zamaholo, ezichazwe ngu Umsebenzi kanye Nentuthuko Yezenhlalo Canada (ESDC), iqondise inqubo ye-LMIA, inquma izici ezifana nenqubo yokufaka isicelo, izidingo zokukhangisa, kanye nezibopho zomqashi. Ngalokhu kuqonda, kuyacaca ukuthi uhambo lomqashi nge-LMIA luncike kakhulu esigabeni samaholo sesikhundla esinikezwayo.
Ngaphambi kokungena ezicini ezihlukile zesigaba ngasinye, kubalulekile ukugcizelela isisekelo esijwayelekile se-LMIA. I-LMIA empeleni iyinqubo lapho i-ESDC ihlola khona ukuqashwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuqashwa kwesisebenzi sangaphandle ngeke kube nomthelela omubi emakethe yezabasebenzi yaseCanada. Abaqashi kumele bafakazele ukuthi bazamile ukuqasha abantu baseCanada kanye nezakhamizi ezihlala unomphela ngaphambi kokuphendukela kubasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe.
Uma kubhekwa lo mongo, inqubo ye-LMIA iba umsebenzi wokulinganisa izidingo zabaqashi baseCanada nokuvikelwa kwemakethe yezabasebenzi yaseCanada.
Incazelo Yezikhundla Zokuholelwa Okuphezulu Nezemiholo Ephansi
Ngokuningiliziwe, incazelo yezikhundla zamaholo aphezulu kanye namaholo aphansi incike ezingeni lomholo elimaphakathi ezindaweni ezithile eCanada. Lawa maholo amaphakathi ziyahlukahluka ezifundazweni nasezifundeni naphakathi kwemisebenzi eyahlukene kulezo zifunda.
Isibonelo, isikhundla samaholo aphezulu e-Alberta singase sibekwe njengesikhundla samaholo aphansi e-Prince Edward Island ngenxa yomehluko wamaholo wesifunda. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda iholo elimaphakathi lomsebenzi wakho othile esifundeni sakho kubalulekile ukuze uhlukanise kahle isikhundla somsebenzi owunikezwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lomholo olinikezayo kufanele lihambisane nezinga lomholo elikhona lomsebenzi, okusho ukuthi kufanele lilingane noma libe ngaphezu kwezinga lomholo elikhokhelwa abasebenzi abasemsebenzini ofanayo esifundeni. Izinga lomholo elikhona lingatholakala ngokusebenzisa Ibhange LikaJobe.
Sicela wazi ukuthi leli thebula liyisiqhathaniso esivamile futhi akumele lifake yonke imininingwane ethile noma umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kusakazwa okubili. Abaqashi kufanele bahlale bebhekise imihlahlandlela yamanje kakhulu evela ku-Employment and Social Development Canada.
Umholo wehora omaphakathi ngesifundazwe noma indawo
| Isifundazwe/indawo | Umholo wehora omaphakathi kusukela ngomhlaka-31 Meyi 2023 |
|---|---|
| I-Alberta | $28.85 |
| British Columbia | $27.50 |
| Manitoba | $23.94 |
| New Brunswick | $23.00 |
| I-Newfoundland neLabrador | $25.00 |
| I-Northwest Territories | $38.00 |
| Nova Scotia | $22.97 |
| I-Nunavut | $35.90 |
| Ontario | $27.00 |
| I-Prince Edward Island | $22.50 |
| Quebec | $26.00 |
| Saskatchewan | $26.22 |
| Yukon | $35.00 |
Ukhiye Osemqoka: Izigaba zamaholo ziyisifunda kanye nomsebenzi othize. Ukuqonda ukuhluka kwamaholo esifunda kanye nomqondo wezinga lomholo elikhona kungakusiza ukuthi usichaze ngokunembile isikhundla esinikezwayo futhi uhambisane nezidingo zamaholo.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kwezikhundla Ezihola Kakhulu Nezeholo Eliphansi
| Isikhombisi | Isikhundla Sokuholelwa Okuphezulu | Isikhundla Esineholo Eliphansi |
|---|---|---|
| Iholo Elinikeziwe | Ngaphansi noma ngaphezulu komholo wehora wesifundazwe/wesifunda | Ngaphansi komholo wehora wesifundazwe/wesifunda |
| Ukusakaza kwe-LMIA | Ukusakaza okuholela kakhulu | Ukusakaza komholo ophansi |
| Isibonelo Somholo Wehora Wangehora (British Columbia) | $27.50 (noma ngaphezulu) kusukela ngoMeyi 31, 2023 | Ngaphansi kwama- $ 27.50 kusukela ngoMeyi 31, 2023 |
| Izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza | - Kungase kube nzima kakhulu mayelana nemizamo yokuqasha. - Ingase ibe nezidingo ezihlukile noma ezengeziwe zokuhamba, izindlu, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabasebenzi. - Ngokuvamile kuhloswe ezikhundleni ezinamakhono. | - Izidingo eziqinile zokuqasha ngokuvamile. - Kungase kubandakanye izilinganiso zenani lama-TFW noma imikhawulo esekelwe emkhakheni noma isifunda. - Ngokujwayelekile kuhloswe ngayo abantu abanamakhono aphansi, abahola kancane. |
| Ukusetshenziswa okuhloswe | Ukugcwalisa amakhono esikhathi esifushane kanye nokushoda kwabasebenzi lapho kungekho abaseCanada noma abahlali baphakade abatholakalayo ezikhundleni ezinamakhono. | Ngemisebenzi engadingi amazinga aphezulu amakhono nokuqeqeshwa nalapho kushoda khona abasebenzi baseCanada. |
| Izidingo zohlelo | Kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zesikhundla samaholo aphezulu ezivela e-Employment and Social Development Canada, ezingase zibandakanye imizamo encane yokuqasha, ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezithile, njll. | Kumelwe ihambisane nezidingo zesikhundla samaholo aphansi kusukela e-Employment and Social Development Canada, okungase kuhlanganise amazinga ahlukene okuqasha, izindlu, nezinye izici. |
| Isikhathi Sokuqashwa Esivunyelwe | Kufika eminyakeni emi-3 kusukela ngomhla ka-4 Ephreli 2022, futhi okungenzeka kube yinde ezimeni ezihlukile ngezizathu ezanele. | Ngokuvamile ubude besikhathi obufushane, obuhambisana nezinga eliphansi lekhono kanye nezinga lokukhokha lesikhundla. |
| Umthelela Emakethe Yezabasebenzi YaseCanada | I-LMIA izonquma ukuthi ukuqasha i-TFW kuzoba nomthelela omuhle noma omubi emakethe yezabasebenzi yaseCanada. | I-LMIA izonquma ukuthi ukuqasha i-TFW kuzoba nomthelela omuhle noma omubi emakethe yezabasebenzi yaseCanada. |
| Isikhathi Soshintsho | Abaqashi bangase babe noshintsho ekuhlukaniseni ngezigaba ngenxa yamaholo amaphakathi abuyekeziwe futhi badinga ukulungisa izicelo zabo ngokufanele. | Abaqashi bangase babe noshintsho ekuhlukaniseni ngezigaba ngenxa yamaholo amaphakathi abuyekeziwe futhi badinga ukulungisa izicelo zabo ngokufanele. |
Nakuba izikhundla zamaholo aphezulu neziphansi zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngamazinga azo amaholo, lezi zigaba ziyahlukana kwezinye izici ezimbalwa ezihlobene nenqubo ye-LMIA. Ake sikhiphe lo mehluko ukwenza lula ukuqonda kwakho kanye nokulungiselela uhlelo lwe-LMIA.
Izinhlelo zoguquko
Ezikhundleni zamaholo aphezulu, abaqashi kudingeka balethe a uhlelo loguquko kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-LMIA. Lolu hlelo kufanele lukhombise ukuzibophezela komqashi ekwehliseni ukuthembela kwabo kubasebenzi bangaphandle besikhashana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, uhlelo loguquko lungabandakanya izindlela zokuqasha nokuqeqesha izakhamuzi zaseCanada noma izakhamuzi ezihlala unomphela kule ndima.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaqashi abahola kancane akudingekile ukuba balethe uhlelo lokushintsha. Kodwa-ke, badinga ukunamathela kusethi yemithetho ehlukile, esiletha ephuzwini lethu elilandelayo.
I-Cap on Low-Wage Positions
Isinyathelo esibalulekile sokulawula izikhundla zamaholo aphansi yisilinganiso esinqunyiwe esilinganisweni sabasebenzi bangaphandle abahola kancane abahola kancane ibhizinisi elingasiqasha. Kusukela ku idatha yokugcina etholakalayo, kusukela ngomhla ka-April 30, 2022, futhi kuze kube esinye isaziso, ungaphansi komkhawulo ongu-20% kungxenye yama-TFW ongayiqasha ezikhundleni ezihola kancane endaweni ethile yomsebenzi. Lesi siphetho asisebenzi ezikhundleni zamaholo aphezulu.
Ezicelweni ezitholwe phakathi kuka-April 30, 2022, no-Okthoba 30, 2023, ufaneleka ukuthola umkhawulo ongu-30% ovela kubaqashi abaqasha abasebenzi abasezikhundleni ezihola kancane emikhakheni echaziwe nasemikhakheni engaphansi:
- Ukwakhiwa
- Ukukhiqiza ukudla
- Ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo wezinkuni
- Ifenisha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene
- Izibhedlela
- Izikhungo zokunakekela abahlengikazi nezindawo zokuhlala
- Izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezinsizakalo zokudla
Ezezindlu Nezokuthutha
Ezikhundleni ezihola kancane, abaqashi kufanele banikeze ubufakazi bokuthi izindlu ezingabizi itholakalela izisebenzi zabo zakwamanye amazwe. Kuye ngendawo yokusebenza, abaqashi kungase kudingeke bahlinzeke noma bahlelele lezi zisebenzi izinto zokuhamba. Izimo ezinjalo ngokuvamile azisebenzi ezikhundleni zamaholo aphezulu.
Ukhiye Osemqoka: Ukubona izidingo ezihlukile ezihambisana nezikhundla zamaholo aphezulu neziphansi, njengezinhlelo zenguquko, amakepisi, nezinhlinzeko zezindlu, kungasiza abaqashi balungiselele isicelo esiyimpumelelo se-LMIA.
Inqubo ye-LMIA
Inqubo ye-LMIA, naphezu kwedumela layo lokuba yinkimbinkimbi, ingahlukaniswa ibe izinyathelo ezilawulekayo. Lapha, siveza inqubo eyisisekelo, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kungase kube nezinyathelo ezengeziwe noma izidingo zesimo sakho esithile.
- Isikhangiso somsebenzi: Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo se-LMIA, abaqashi kufanele bakhangise ngesikhundla somsebenzi kulo lonke elase-Canada okungenani amasonto amane. Isikhangiso somsebenzi kufanele sifake imininingwane efana nemisebenzi yomsebenzi, amakhono adingekayo, amaholo anikezwayo, nendawo yokusebenza.
- Ukulungiselela Isicelo: Abaqashi babe sebelungiselela izicelo zabo, bebonisa imizamo yokuqasha izakhamuzi zaseCanada noma izakhamuzi zaphakade kanye nesidingo sokuqasha isisebenzi sangaphandle. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise uhlelo loguquko olushiwo ngenhla lwezikhundla zamaholo aphezulu.
- Ukuhambisa nokuhlola: Isicelo esigcwalisiwe sithunyelwa kwa-ESDC/Service Canada. Umnyango ube usuhlola umthelela ongaba khona wokuqasha isisebenzi sangaphandle emakethe yezabasebenzi yaseCanada.
- Umphumela: Uma unalo, umqashi angadlulisela isicelo somsebenzi kusisebenzi sangaphandle, esibe sesifaka isicelo semvume yokusebenza. I-LMIA engeyinhle isho ukuthi umqashi kufanele aphinde avakashele isicelo sakhe noma acabangele ezinye izinketho.
Ukhiye Osemqoka: Yize inqubo ye-LMIA ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, ukuqonda izinyathelo eziyisisekelo kunganikeza isisekelo esiqinile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi funa iseluleko esihambisana nezimo zakho ezithile ukuze uqinisekise inqubo yokufaka isicelo eshelelayo.
Izidingo zezikhundla eziphezulu zamaholo
Nakuba inqubo ye-LMIA eshiwo ngenhla inikeza ipulani eyisisekelo, izidingo zezikhundla zamaholo aphezulu zengeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lobunzima. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abaqashi abanikeza isikhundla esihola kakhulu kufanele balethe uhlelo lokushintsha. Lolu hlelo luveza izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuthembela kubasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinyathelo zingabandakanya imizamo yokuqasha noma yokuqeqesha abantu abaningi baseCanada, njengalezi:
- Ukuqasha imisebenzi yokuqasha abantu baseCanada/abahlali unomphela, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo zokwenza lokho.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kunikezwe abantu baseCanada/abahlali unomphela noma izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngoqeqesho esikhathini esizayo.
- Ukusiza isisebenzi sesikhashana sangaphandle esinekhono eliphezulu ukuthi sibe isakhamuzi saseCanada.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqashi abahola kakhulu nabo bangaphansi kwezidingo eziqinile zokukhangisa. Ngaphezu kokukhangisa umsebenzi kulo lonke elaseCanada, umsebenzi kumele ukhangiswe ku- Ibhange LikaJobe kanye nezinye izindlela okungenani ezimbili ezihambisana nezinqubo zokukhangisa zomsebenzi.
Abaqashi kufanele futhi banikeze amaholo akhona emsebenzini esifundeni lapho umsebenzi ukhona. Umholo awukwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwalo mholo okhona, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe bathola amaholo alingana nabasebenzi baseCanada emsebenzini nasesifundeni esifanayo.
Ukhiye Osemqoka: Abaqashi bezikhundla eziphezulu zamaholo babhekana nezidingo ezihlukile, ezihlanganisa uhlelo lwezinguquko kanye nezinkambiso eziqinile zokukhangisa. Ukuzijwayeza lezi zidingo kungakulungiselela kangcono isicelo se-LMIA.
Izidingo zezikhundla ezihola kancane
Ezikhundleni ezihola kancane, izidingo ziyehluka. Abaqashi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bayahlangabezana nenani labasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe abahola kancane abangabaqasha, okungamaphesenti ayishumi noma ama-10 wabasebenzi babo kuye ngokuthi baqale nini ukungena ku-TFWP.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqashi kufanele banikeze ubufakazi bezindlu ezithengekayo zezisebenzi zabo zakwamanye amazwe, okungase kuhilele ukubuyekezwa kwezilinganiso zokuqasha ezimaphakathi endaweni kanye nezindawo zokulala ezihlinzekwa umqashi. Kuye ngendawo yokusebenza, kungase kudingeke bahlinzeke noma bahlelele izisebenzi zabo izinto zokuhamba.
Njengabaqashi abahola kakhulu, abaqashi abahola kancane kufanele bakhangise umsebenzi kulo lonke elaseCanada kanye naseBhange Lomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka futhi ukuthi benze ukukhangisa okwengeziwe okuqondiswe kumaqembu angameleli kancane kubasebenzi baseCanada, njengabantu bomdabu, abantu abakhubazekile, kanye nentsha.
Okokugcina, abaqashi abahola kancane kufanele banikeze amaholo akhona, njengabaqashi abahola kakhulu, ukuze baqinisekise amaholo afanelekile kubasebenzi bangaphandle.
Ukhiye Osemqoka: Izidingo zezikhundla zamaholo aphansi, njengezikhawu zabasebenzi, izindlu ezithengekayo, nemizamo eyengeziwe yokukhangisa, zihlangabezana nezimo ezihlukile zalezi zikhundla. Ukuqonda lezi zidingo kubalulekile kuhlelo lokusebenza oluyimpumelelo lwe-LMIA.
Umthelela Emabhizinisini aseCanada
Inqubo ye-LMIA kanye nezigaba zayo zamaholo aphezulu namaholo aphansi zinomthelela omkhulu kumabhizinisi aseCanada. Ake sihlole le miphumela ukuze sisize abaqashi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Izikhundla eziphezulu zamaholo
Ukuqasha izisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe ezikhundleni ezihola kakhulu kungaletha amakhono nethalente elidingeka kakhulu emabhizinisini aseCanada, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezinenkinga yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, imfuneko yohlelo loshintsho ingase ibeke izibopho ezengeziwe kubaqashi, njengokutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha nokuthuthukisa abantu baseCanada.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba ukungabibikho kwesilinganiso kubasebenzi bangaphandle abahola kakhulu kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kwamabhizinisi, ukukhangisa okuqinile kanye nezidingo zamaholo ezikhona zingakuqeda lokhu. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani kufanele zicubungule ngokucophelela le mithelela ngaphambi kokunikeza izikhundla eziphezulu kubasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe.
Izikhundla Ezineholo Eliphansi
Izisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe ezihola kancane nazo zingaba yinzuzo, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezinjengezokungenisa izihambi, ezolimo, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwasekhaya, lapho kunesidingo esikhulu sezisebenzi ezinjalo. Kodwa-ke, isibalo sabasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe abahola kancane sinciphisa ikhono lamabhizinisi lokuthembela kuleli chibi labasebenzi.
Isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngezindlu ezithengekayo kanye nezinto zokuhamba ezingase zibe khona nazo zingabeka izindleko ezengeziwe emabhizinisini. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyathelo kanye nezidingo ezithile zokukhangisa zihambisana nezinjongo zenhlalo yase-Canada, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwabasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe namathuba emisebenzi emaqenjini angameleli kangako.
Ukhiye Osemqoka: Umthelela wabasebenzi bangaphandle abahola kakhulu nabahola kancane emabhizinisini aseCanada ungaba mkhulu, uthinte izici ezihlukahlukene njengokuhlela abasebenzi, izinhlaka zezindleko, nokuzibophezela komphakathi. Amabhizinisi kufanele alinganise le mithelela ngokuqhathanisa nezidingo zabo zokusebenza kanye nezinjongo zesikhathi eside.
Isiphetho: Ukuzulazula ku-LMIA Maze
Inqubo ye-LMIA ingase ibonakale inzima ngokwehlukana kwayo ngamaholo aphezulu kanye namaholo aphansi. Kodwa ngokuqonda okucacile kwezincazelo, umehluko, izidingo, kanye nomthelela, amabhizinisi aseCanada angakwazi ukuzulazula kule nqubo ngokuzethemba. Yamukela uhambo lwe-LMIA, wazi ukuthi lungavula iminyango yethalente lomhlaba wonke elinganothisa ibhizinisi lakho kuyilapho linikela ezinhlosweni zezenhlalo nezomnotho zaseCanada.
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imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyini imali yokufaka isicelo ye-LMIA?
Imali yokufaka isicelo ye-LMIA okwamanje isethwe ku-$1,000 esikhundleni ngasinye sesisebenzi sangaphandle esifakelwa isicelo.
Ingabe kukhona okuhlukile esidingweni se-LMIA?
Yebo, kunezimo ezithile lapho isisebenzi sangaphandle singaqashwa ngaphandle kwe-LMIA. Lokhu kubandakanya okuqondile Izinhlelo Zokuhamba Zamazwe Ngamazwe, njengesivumelwano se-NAFTA nabadluliswayo bangaphakathi kwenkampani.
Ngingakwazi ukuqasha isisebenzi sangaphandle emsebenzini wetoho?
Abaqashi kufanele banikeze izikhundla zesikhathi esigcwele (ubuncane bamahora angama-30 ngesonto) lapho beqasha abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe ngaphansi kwe-TFWP, okuwuhlelo olulawulwa yinqubo ye-LMIA.
Ngingakwazi ukufaka isicelo se-LMIA uma ibhizinisi lami lilisha?
Yebo, amabhizinisi amasha angafaka isicelo se-LMIA. Kodwa-ke, kufanele bakwazi ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwabo namandla okufeza imibandela ye-LMIA, njengokuhlinzeka ngamaholo okuvunyelwene ngawo kanye nezimo zokusebenza kusisebenzi sangaphandle.
Ingabe isicelo esinqatshiwe se-LMIA singadluliswa?
Nakuba ingekho inqubo esemthethweni yokukhalaza nge-LMIA enqatshiwe, abaqashi bangathumela isicelo sokuthi sicatshangelwe kabusha uma bekholelwa ukuthi iphutha lenzekile phakathi nenqubo yokuhlola.
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