intshayelelo
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukufudukela kwilizwe elitsha sisigqibo esikhulu nesitshintsha ubomi esifuna ukuqwalaselwa nokucwangciswa kakhulu. Ngelixa ukhetho lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kwaye uqale ubomi obutsha kwilizwe elahlukileyo lunokuba mnandi, lunokoyikisa njengoko uya kujongana nemiceli mngeni emininzi. Enye yezi nkxalabo okanye imingeni isenokuba kukulibaziseka ekuqhubeni isicelo sakho. Ukulibaziseka kukhokelela ekungaqiniseki kwaye kunendlela yokudala uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko ngexesha esele linoxinzelelo. Ngombulelo, iPax Law Corporation ilapha ukunceda. Ukungenisa incwadi ye mandamus inokunceda ekuhambiseni inkqubo kunye nokunyanzeliswa koMfuduko, iMbacu kunye nobuMmi baseKhanada (“IRCC”) ukuba yenze umsebenzi wayo, iqhubekisele phambili isicelo sakho sokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kwaye inike isigqibo.
UkuNgenelwa kwezicelo zokuFudukela kunye nokuLibazisa koLungiselelo
Ukuba ukhe wacinga ngokufudukela eCanada, unokwazi ukuba inkqubo yokufudukela eCanada isandula kujongana nokulibaziseka okukhulu kunye neengxaki ezisemva. Ngelixa uninzi lwabemi bamazwe angaphandle besamkela ukuba ukufudukela eCanada kuya kuba yinkqubo esexesheni kwaye kulibaziseka kwimigangatho yokucubungula kulindeleke, ukusilela kunye namaxesha okulinda anyuke kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ulibaziseko kubangelwe sisibetho esingalindelekanga se-COVID-19 kunye nemiba ebisele ikho ne-IRCC, efana nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, itekhnoloji esele ikho, kunye nokusilela kurhulumente woMdibaniso ukulungisa iingxaki ezisisiseko.
Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu sokulibaziseka, iPax Law Corporation ixhotyiselwe ukunceda abathengi bethu. Ukuba ujongene nokulibaziseka okungenangqiqo ekuqhubeni isicelo sakho sokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, landela esi sikhokelo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela i-writ of mandamus enokunceda ngayo, okanye uqhagamshelane nathi kwi-Pax Law Corporation ukuze ubone indlela esinokunceda ngayo.
Yintoni uMbhalo weMandamus?
Umbhalo othi mandamus uthatyathwe kumthetho oqhelekileyo wamaNgesi kwaye sisicombululo senkundla okanye umyalelo weNkundla okhutshwe yiNkundla ePhakamileyo kwinkundla ephantsi, iqumrhu likarhulumente, okanye igunya likarhulumente ukwenza umsebenzi walo phantsi komthetho.
Kumthetho wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, i-writ of mandamus ingasetyenziselwa ukucela iNkundla ye-Federal ukuba iyalele i-IRCC ukuba iqhube isicelo sakho kwaye inike isigqibo ngexesha elithile. I-writ of mandamus liyeza elikhethekileyo elixhomekeke kakhulu kwiinyani ezithile zemeko nganye kwaye lisetyenziswe kuphela apho ukulibaziseka okungenangqiqo ekuqhubeni kwenzeke.
Amandla okanye impumelelo yesicelo sakho se-mandamus iya kuxhomekeka kumandla esicelo sakho sokuqala, ixesha elilindelekileyo lokucubungula kwisicelo sakho esithile kunye nelizwe othumele kulo isicelo sakho, nokuba uphethe nayiphi na uxanduva lokulibaziseka kokucubungula, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ubude bexesha obulindele isigqibo.
Iikhrayitheriya zokukhupha uMyalelo weMandamus
Njengoko sele sichazile, i-writ of mandamus iyisilungiso esikhethekileyo kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe njengesixhobo esisebenzayo kuphela apho umenzi wesicelo uye wabhekana nokulibaziseka okungenangqiqo kwaye uye wadibana nemilinganiselo okanye uvavanyo olusemthethweni oluchazwe kwiNkundla ye-Federal Court umthetho.
INkundla yeSigqeba ichonge imiqathango esibhozo (8) okanye iimfuno ekufuneka zifezekiswe ukuze kunikwe incwadi ye-mandamus [Apotex v Canada (AG), 1993 CanLII 3004 (FCA); Sharafaldin v Canada (MCI), 2022 FC 768]:
- kufuneka kubekho umsebenzi osemthethweni woluntu wokuthatha amanyathelo
- umsebenzi kufuneka ube netyala kumfaki-sicelo
- kufuneka kubekho ilungelo elicacileyo lokwenza loo msebenzi
- umenzi-sicelo uyanelisa zonke iimeko ezikhokelela ekubeni enze umsebenzi;
- yayikhona
- imfuno yangaphambili yomsebenzi wokusebenza
- ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthobela imfuno
- ukwala okulandelayo, nokuba kuchaziwe okanye kuchaziwe (okt ukulibaziseka okungenasizathu)
- apho umsebenzi ofuna ukunyanzeliswa ungowokuzikhethela, imigaqo ethile eyongezelelweyo iyasebenza;
- alukho olunye unyango olwaneleyo olufumanekayo kumfaki-sicelo;
- umyalelo ofunwayo uya kuba nexabiso elithile okanye isiphumo;
- akukho bar elinganayo kwisiqabu esifunwayo; kwaye
- kwibhalansi yokulula, umyalelo we-mandamus kufuneka ukhutshwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kufuneka uqale wanelise zonke iimeko ezibangela umsebenzi wokusebenza. Ngamafutshane, ukuba isicelo sakho sisalindile ngenxa yokuba awuzange ungenise onke amaxwebhu afunekayo okanye aceliwe okanye ngenxa yesizathu esiyiphutha lakho, awukwazi ukufuna i-writ of mandamus.
Ukulibazisa ngokungekho ngqiqweni
Into ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uyafaneleka okanye kufuneka uqhubeke nge-writ ye-mandamus ubude bokulibaziseka. Ubude bokulibaziseka buya kuqwalaselwa ngokwexesha elilindelekileyo lokusetyenzwa. Ungajonga ixesha lokuqhuba isicelo sakho esithile ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwesicelo osingenisileyo kunye nendawo osifakile kuyo Iwebhusayithi ye-IRCC. Nceda uqaphele ukuba amaxesha okusebenza abonelelwa yi-IRCC asoloko etshintsha kwaye anokungachaneki okanye alahlekisayo, njengoko asenokubonisa ukusilela okukhoyo.
Ijurisprudence ibeke iimfuno ezintathu (3) ekufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nazo ukuze ulibaziseko luthathwe njengolungekho ngqiqweni:
- ukulibaziseka ekuthethwa ngako kuye kwande kunohlobo lwenkqubo efunekayo; prima facie
- umenzi-sicelo okanye umcebisi wabo abanaxanduva ngokulibaziseka; kwaye
- ugunyaziwe onoxanduva lokulibaziseka akabonelelanga ngezizathu ezivakalayo.
[UThomas v eKhanada (uKhuseleko loLuntu kunye noLungelo oluNgxamisekileyo), 2020 FC 164; Conille v Canada (MCI), [1992] 2 FC 33 (TD)]
Ngokubanzi, ukuba isicelo sakho bekusalindelwe ukuba siqwalaselwe, okanye ubulindele isigqibo ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini kumgangatho wenkonzo ye-IRCC, ungaphumelela ekufuneni i-writ of mandamus. Ngaphezu koko, ngelixa amaxesha okusebenza abonelelwa yi-IRCC engabophelelanga ngokusemthethweni, abonelela ngokuqonda ngokubanzi okanye ukulindela oko kuya kuthathwa njengexesha "elifanelekileyo" lokucubungula. Lilonke, ityala ngalinye malivavanywe lilodwa, ngokusekelwe kwiinyani nakwiimeko kwaye akukho mpendulo inzima nekhawulezayo malunga nokuba yintoni na ekhoyo ukulibaziseka “okungenangqiqo”. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuba i-writ of mandamus ilungile kuwe, tsalela i-Pax Law Corporation ukuze udibane ukuze uxoxe ngetyala lakho.
Ibhalansi yokuLula
Xa ivavanya ukungabikho ngqiqweni kokulibaziseka ekuthethwa ngako, iNkundla iya kukulinganisa oku ngokuchasene nazo zonke iimeko kwisicelo sakho, njengesiphumo sokulibaziseka komenzi wesicelo okanye ukuba ukulibaziseka kusisiphumo sako nakuphi na ukukhetha icala okanye kubangele naluphi na ubandlululo.
Ngaphaya koko, ngelixa ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uye wabangela umonakalo ekusebenzeni kukarhulumente kunye namaxesha okusebenza, iNkundla yoMdibaniso ifumanise ukuba i-COVID-19 ayilukhanyeli uxanduva lwe-IRCC kunye namandla okwenza izigqibo [Almuhtadi v Canada (MCI), 2021 FC 712]. Lilonke, ubhubhane ubuphazamisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kodwa ukusebenza kukarhulumente kuqale kancinci, kwaye iNkundla yoMdibaniso ayizukwamkela ubhubhane njengengcaciso yokulibaziseka okungafanelekanga egameni le-IRCC.
Nangona kunjalo, isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokulibaziseka zizizathu zokhuseleko. Umzekelo, i-IRCC kusenokufuneka ibuze malunga netshekhi yokhuseleko kwelinye ilizwe. Ngelixa imvelaphi kunye nokhuseleko kunye nokutshekisha ukhuseleko lunokuba yimfuneko kunye nemfuneko ebalulekileyo phantsi komthetho olawulayo kwaye ulungele ukulibaziseka kwexesha elide ekuqhubeni izicelo ze-visa okanye imvume, inkcazo eyongezelelweyo iya kufuneka apho uMmangalelwa exhomekeke kwiinkxalabo zokhuseleko ukuze aqinisekise ukulibaziseka. Kwi Abdolkhaleghi, oHloniphekileyo uMam Justice Tremblay-Lamer ulumkise ngelithi iingxelo ezigqubayo ezifana neenkxalabo zokhuseleko okanye uqwalaselo lokhuseleko azibonisi iingcaciso ezifanelekileyo zolibaziseko olungekho ngqiqweni. Kufuphi, ukhuseleko okanye ujongo lwangasemva lulodwa luzithethe ezinganelanga.
Ukuqala iNkqubo-Bhukha iNgxoxo namhlanje!
Kufuneka sigxininise ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sakho sigqityiwe kwaye sikhululekile kwimiba ecacileyo ngaphambi kokufuna i-writ ye-mandamus.
Apha ePax Law, isidima sethu kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Siza kuqhubeka kuphela ngetyala lakho ukuba sikholelwa ukuba likhona ithuba lokuphumelela phambi kweNkundla yoMdibaniso. Ukuqala inkqubo ye-mandamus ngexesha elifanelekileyo, siyakucela ukuba uhlolisise amaxwebhu owafakileyo kunye nesicelo sakho sokuqala sokufuduka, uqinisekise ukuba akhululekile kwiimpazamo ezicacileyo okanye iimpazamo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uthumele onke amaxwebhu kwiofisi yethu.
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela iPax Law enokukunceda ngayo ngesicelo sakho se-mandamus okanye nayiphi na eminye imiba onokujamelana nayo ngexesha lokufudukela eCanada, qhagamshelana neengcali zomthetho wongenelelo kwi-ofisi yethu namhlanje.
Nceda uqaphele: Le bhlog ayenzelwanga ukuba kwabelwane ngayo njengengcebiso yezomthetho. Ukuba unqwenela ukuthetha okanye ukudibana nenye yeengcali zethu zezomthetho, nceda ubhukishe ukubonisana Apha!
Ukufunda ngakumbi izigqibo zenkundla yePax Law kwiNkundla yoMdibaniso, ungakwenza oko ngeCanadian Legal Information Institute ngokucofa Apha.
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