Vikela Obathandayo
Ukulungisa incwadi yakho yefa kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ozozenza ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakho, ukuchaza izifiso zakho uma kwenzeka udlula emhlabeni. Iqondisa umndeni wakho kanye nobathandayo ekuphathweni kwefa lakho futhi ikunikeze ukuthula kwengqondo ukuthi labo obathandayo bayanakekelwa.
Ukubhala incwadi yefa kuyiphendula yonke imibuzo ebalulekile njengomzali, njengokuthi ubani ozokhulisa izingane zakho uma nobabili noshade naye nishona. Ifa lakho liphinde libe yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi abanye abantu, izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ozazisayo zithola inzuzo yefa lakho. Ngokumangazayo, abantu abaningi baseBritish Columbians abazange bakunake ukulungisa incwadi yefa yabo yokugcina, nakuba ngokuvamile kulula kunalokho abakucabangayo.
Ngokombiko othile BC Notaries Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2018, bangama-44% kuphela abantu baseBritish Columbians abanencwadi yefa esayiniwe, esemthethweni futhi ehambisana nesikhathi. U-80% wabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-34 abanayo incwadi yefa esemthethweni. Ukukhuthaza umphakathi wase-BC ukuthi ubhale incwadi yefa, noma ulethe ekhona esesikhathini, uhulumeni wase-BC uqale i-Make-a-Will-Week ngo-Okthoba 3 kuya ku-9, 2021, ukuze ubakhuthaze ukuthi banqobe imizwa yokungakhululeki noma ukuphazamiseka.
Yini eyakha incwadi yefa esemthethweni ngo-BC?
Izidingo ezintathu kumele zihlangatshezwe ukuze incwadi yefa ithathwe njengesemthethweni eBritish Columbia:
- Kumele kubhalwe phansi;
- Kumele isayinwe ekugcineni, futhi;
- Kufanele kufakazwe ngendlela efanele.
NgoMashi 2014, iBritish Colombia yasungula i-Will, Estates and Succession Act, WESA, umthetho omusha olawula izincwadi zefa nezindawo. Olunye lwezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezethulwe emthethweni omusha kwakuyinto ebizwa ngokuthi ilungiselelo lokwelapha. Ukuhlinzekelwa kokwelapha kusho ukuthi ezimeni lapho incwadi yefa ingazanelisi ngokugcwele izidingo ezisemthethweni, izinkantolo manje “zingakwazi “ukwelapha” amaphutha encwadini yefa ephukile futhi zisho ukuthi incwadi yefa iyasebenza. I-WESA iphinde inikeze iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-BC imvume yokunquma ukuthi incwadi yefa engaqediwe ingaba semthethweni yini.
Njengesakhamuzi sase-BC, kufanele usayine incwadi yakho yefa ngokuhambisana nencwadi yefa I-British Columbia Wills Act. UMthetho Wezincwadi Zefa ubeka ukuthi ofakazi ababili kufanele babone isiginesha yakho ekhasini lokugcina lefa lakho. Ofakazi bakho kufanele basayine ikhasi lokugcina ngemva kwakho. Kuze kube muva nje, bekudingeka kusetshenziswe uyinki omanzi ukuze kusayinwe itestamente futhi ikhophi ebonakalayo idinga ukugcinwa.
Lo bhubhane ugqugquzele isifundazwe ukuthi siguqule imithetho emayelana nokusayina, ukuze abasebenzisi manje babe nomhlangano ongokoqobo nofakazi futhi basayine imibhalo yabo ku-inthanethi. Ngo-Agasti ka-2020, kwethulwa umthetho omusha wokuvumela abantu abasezindaweni ezihlukene ukuthi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze bafakazele incwadi yefa bekude, futhi kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Disemba 2021 izinguquko zinikeze nezincwadi zefa ze-elekthronikhi ukuqashelwa okufanayo njengefa ngokomzimba. I-BC ibe yigunya lokuqala e-Canada ukushintsha imithetho yayo ukuze ivumele ukufakwa kwe-inthanethi.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-elekthronikhi manje sezamukelekile, kodwa abaseBritish Columbians bakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuthi balondoloze izincwadi zabo zefa ngefomethi ye-PDF, ukuze benze inqubo yokufaka isicelo ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka kumabi.
Kwenzekani uma udlula emhlabeni ngaphandle kokushiya incwadi yefa?
Uma ushona ungenayo incwadi yefa uhulumeni wesifundazwe uyokuthatha njengomuntu oshonile ungenayo intestate. Uma ushona ungahloniphi, izinkantolo zizosebenzisa i-BC Umthetho Wezincwadi Zefa, Izakhiwo kanye Nezindlalifa ukunquma indlela yokusabalalisa impahla yakho nokulungisa izindaba zakho. Bazoqoka umabi wefa nabagadi banoma yiziphi izingane ezincane. Ngokukhetha ukungalisebenzisi ilungelo lakho lase-Canada lencwadi yefa usaphila, ulahlekelwa ukulawula izifiso zakho uma ungasekho ukuzobhikisha.
Ngokuvumelana ne-Wills, Estates and Succession Act, uhlelo lokusabalalisa ngokuvamile lulandela le ndlela elandelayo:
- Uma unomlingani wakho kodwa ungenazo izingane, ifa lakho lonke liya koshade naye.
- Uma unowakwakho kanye nengane okungowalowo muntu oshade naye, owakwakho uzothola u-$300,000 wokuqala. Okusele bese kuhlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi komngane womshado nabantwana.
- Uma unomlingani wakho nezingane, futhi lezo zingane akuzona ezakwakho, owakwakho uthola i-$150,000 yokuqala. Okusele bese kuhlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi koshade naye kanye nezingane zakho.
- Uma ungenazo izingane noma oshade naye, ifa lakho lihlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabazali bakho. Uma eyedwa kuphela ophilayo, lowo mzali uthola lonke ifa lakho.
- Uma ungenabo abazali abasaphila, izingane zakini zizothola ifa lakho. Uma nabo bengasindi, izingane zabo (abashana bakho) ngayinye ithola isabelo sayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abashadile abavamile, abanye abantu ababalulekile, abanye abathandekayo ngisho nezilwane ezifuywayo akuhlali kubalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo emithethweni yesifundazwe. Uma unezifiso eziphathelene nalabo obakhathalelayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwenza incwadi yefa kube yinto ehamba phambili.
Ingabe kukhona okuphambene nokungajabulisi nokuphazamiseka kimi?
Lesi isici sokubhala incwadi yefa abantu abaningi abayigejayo. Kungaba okusangulukisa ngempela ukubekela eceleni amahora ambalwa ukuze wamukele ukufa komuntu futhi wenze izinhlelo zezindlu ngendlela efanele. Ukubhala incwadi yefa yinto yabantu abadala kakhulu okumele yenziwe.
Iningi labantu lichaza umuzwa wokukhululeka nenkululeko ngemva kokuba izinto ezishiywe zingalungiswanga ekugcineni sezinakekelwe. Kuqhathaniswe nempumuzo ehambisana nokuhlanza nokuhlunga egalaji noma elisophahleni - ngemva kokulivala iminyaka - noma ekugcineni kwenziwe umsebenzi wamazinyo owawudingeka kakhulu. Ukwazi ukuthi abathandekayo nezinye izindaba zizosingathwa ngendlela efanele kungakhulula, futhi ukususa lowo mthwalo kungakha umuzwa omusha wenjongo ekuphileni.
Ingabe ngidinga ummeli noma ummeli womphakathi ukuze abhale incwadi yefa esemthethweni?
Impendulo elula ithi cha, awudingi ummeli ukuthi enze incwadi yefa elula futhi abhale amandla akho ahlala njalo ommeli noma izivumelwano zokukumela ku-inthanethi. Ifa lakho alidingi ukwaziswa ngo-BC ukuze libe semthethweni. I-afidavithi yokubulawa kuyodingeka ibhalwe phansi. Kodwa-ke, i-afidavithi eqinisekisiwe yokubulawa ayidingeki ku-BC uma intando yakho idinga ukudlula ukuhlolwa.
Okwenza incwadi yakho yefa ibe semthethweni akukhona ukuthi uyenze kanjani, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi uyisayine ngendlela efanele futhi wafakazelwa ngayo. Kukhona izifanekiso zokugcwalisa-okungenalutho ku-inthanethi ongazisebenzisa ukuze udale incwadi yefa esheshayo ngaphansi kwe-$100. I-British Columbia okwamanje ayiboni izincwadi zefa ezibhalwe ngesandla ze-holographic ezidalwe ngaphandle kwemishini noma ofakazi. Uma ubhala incwadi yakho yefa ngo-BC, kufanele ulandele inqubo eyamukelwe yokufakazelwa kwayo ngokufanelekile, ngakho kuyidokhumenti ebophezela ngokusemthethweni.
Kungani kufanele ngicabangele ukuba nommeli obhale incwadi yami yefa?
“Ifa elihlelwe ngobungcweti lingaqeda noma linciphise ukucindezeleka, izintela nokungqubuzana kwabathandekayo. Siyazi ukuthi ukulungiselelwa okusemthethweni kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izifiso zakho ziyafezeka ukuze kuzuze umndeni wakho nezinhlangano ozisekelayo.”
-UJennifer Chow, umongameli, i-Canadian Bar Association, igatsha le-BC
Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi okungenzeka zidinga iseluleko sochwepheshe:
- Uma izigatshana zakho zangokwezifiso zingabhalwanga ngokucacile, kungaholela ekutheni i(izi)ndlalifa zakho zichithe imali eningi futhi kungaba imbangela yengcindezi engadingekile.
- Uma ukhetha ukubhala incwadi yakho yefa ephepheni, kulula ukuthi ilungu lomndeni wakho noma umngane wakho bakuphonsele inselelo enkantolo.
- Uma ungafuni ukuthi owakwakho athole noma iliphi ifa lakho, kufanele ufune iseluleko kummeli wefa nefa ngoba iWESA ihlanganisa nabo.
- Uma ufisa ukuqoka njengabazuzi bakho izingane noma abantu abadala abanezidingo ezikhethekile abadinga usizo oluqhubekayo lwezezimali, i-trust idinga ukusungulwa encwadini yakho yefa.
- Uma ungafuni ukuthi izingane zakho kube yizona ezizuza kakhulu, kodwa abazukulu bakho, ngokwesibonelo, uzodinga ukuzihlelela ukwethenjwa.
- Uma ufuna umntwana osemncane ukuthi athole ingxenye esele ye-trust fund lapho eseneminyaka engu-19, kodwa ufuna othile ongeyena umabi wefa ozophatha lesi sikhwama se-trust; noma uma ufisa ukusho ukuthi izimali kufanele zisetshenziswe kanjani ukuze kuzuze ohlomulayo ngaphambi kokuba izimali zikhishwe.
- Uma ufuna ukunikela kunhlangano esiza abantulayo, kungase kube nzima ukuyimisa, uqambe inhlangano ngendlela efanele futhi uxhumane nayo ukuze wenze amalungiselelo. (Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ufune ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho ithola imbuyiselo yentela yokusiza abantulayo ukuze yehlise inani lezintela okufanele izikhokhe. Akuwona wonke amabhizinisi angakhipha amarisidi entela.)
- Uma uphakathi kwesehlukaniso, noma udonsa kanzima ngokugcina ingane ngemva kokuhlukana, kungase kuthinte ifa lakho.
- Uma ungumnikazi wendawo nomuntu wesithathu, njengomqashi ovamile, umabi wesivumelwano sakho angase abe nezinkinga ekudluliseni ingxenye yakho yendawo, lapho umabi wamafa efuna ukuyithengisa.
- Uma unendawo yokungcebeleka, ifa lakho lizokweleta intela yenzuzo enkulu lapho ushona.
- Uma uphethe inkampani yakho noma ungumnikazi wamasheya wenkampani, incwadi yakho yefa kufanele iqukathe ukuvezwa okunembile kwezifiso zakho ngekusasa lenkampani.
- Ufuna ukukhetha ukuthi ubani ozonakekela izilwane ezifuywayo noma ukusungula isikhwama sezilwane ezifuywayo ngentando yakho.
Bobabili abameli kanye nababhali bezincwadi zomphakathi bangalungiselela izincwadi zefa eBritish Columbia. Isizathu sokuthi kungani kufanele ucele ummeli ukuthi akweluleke ukuthi abakwazi ukukunikeza kuphela umeluleki wezomthetho kodwa futhi bavikele ifa lakho enkantolo.
Ummeli ngeke nje akunike isiqondiso somthetho kodwa uzoqinisekisa ukuthi izifiso zakho zokugcina azilungiswa. Esimweni lapho owakwakho noma ingane yakho ifuna ukushintshwa kwefa, ummeli uzophinde asekele umabi wamafa omkhethile ngale nqubo.
Abameli bokuhlela izindlu bangaphinde bakusize ezindabeni ezinjengentela yeholo, izingane ezincane uma ushona ngaphambi kokuba zibe abantu abadala, umshwalense wezindlu nowokuphila, imishado yesibili (unezingane noma ungenazo) kanye nobudlelwano bomthetho ovamile.
Iyini i-probate ku-BC?
I-Probate yinqubo yezinkantolo ze-BC ezamukela ngokusemthethweni incwadi yakho yefa. Akuwona wonke ama-estates adinga ukuhamba nge-probate, futhi izinqubomgomo zebhange lakho noma isikhungo sezezimali ngokuvamile zinquma ukuthi zidinga yini isibonelelo se-probate ngaphambi kokukhulula izimpahla zakho. Azikho izimali ze-probate ngo-BC uma ifa lakho lingaphansi kuka-$25,000, kanye nenkokhelo ephansi yezindawo ezinkulu kuno-$25,000.
Ingabe intando yami ingaphonswa inselele futhi ichithwe?
Lapho abantu belungiselela izincwadi zabo zefa ngo-BC, iningi alicabangi ukuthi izindlalifa zabo, noma abanye abangahle bahlomule abakholelwa ukuthi banezizathu ezingokomthetho, bangaqala impi yezomthetho ukuze baguqule imigomo evuna bona. Ngeshwa, ukuphikisana nencwadi yefa eneSaziso Sokuphikisa kuyinto evamile.
Ukuphonsela inselelo incwadi yefa kungenziwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokufaka isicelo isiqalile. Uma kungekho nselelo eyenziwayo, futhi incwadi yefa ibonakala sengathi yenziwe ngendlela efanele, ngokuvamile iyothathwa njengesemthethweni yinkantolo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlolwa kwencwadi yefa. Ukuqulwa kwecala kuzomiswa, nokho, uma kukhona osola okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Incwadi yefa ayibhalwanga ngendlela efanele
- Umenzi wethestamente wayengenawo amandla okwenza itestamente
- Kube nethonya elingafanele kumenzi wesivumelwano
- Ukwehluka kwefa kuyadingeka ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseBritish Columbia
- Ulimi olusetshenziswe encwadini yefa alucacile
Ukulungisa intando yakho ngeseluleko sika ummeli wefa nefa ungaqinisekisa ukuthi incwadi yakho yefa ayisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa futhi izomelana nenselelo enkantolo.
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Umthetho wenza kube yimanje ukuthi izincwadi zefa zisayinwa kanjani, kufakazelwe
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