Isingeniso
Ngokungangabazeki, ukuthuthela ezweni elisha kuyisinqumo esikhulu nesishintsha ukuphila esidinga ukucatshangelwa nokuhlela okuningi. Nakuba ukukhetha ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe futhi uqale impilo entsha ezweni elihlukile kungase kujabulise, kungase futhi kube nzima njengoba ungase ubhekane nezinselele eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okunye kwalokhu kukhathazeka noma izinselele kungase kube ukubambezeleka ekucubunguleni isicelo sakho. Ukubambezeleka kuholela ekungaqiniseki futhi kunendlela yokudala ukucindezeleka okungadingekile ngesikhathi esivele sinengcindezi. Ngokujabulisayo, i-Pax Law Corporation ilapha ukuzosiza. Ukuhambisa incwadi ye mandamus ingasiza ekuqhubekiseni inqubo kanye nasekuphoqeni abokufika, ababaleki kanye nobusakhamuzi baseCanada (“IRCC”) ukuthi yenze umsebenzi wabo, icubungule isicelo sakho sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe futhi ikhiphe isinqumo.
Ukusalela emuva kwezicelo zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe kanye nokubambezeleka kokucubungula
Uma uke wacabanga ukuthuthela e-Canada, ungase wazi ukuthi uhlelo lokufika kwabantu base-Canada muva nje lubhekane nokulibaziseka okukhulu kanye nezinkinga zokusalela emuva. Nakuba iningi labantu bakwamanye amazwe lamukela ukuthi ukuthuthela e-Canada cishe kuzoba inqubo efike ngesikhathi futhi ukubambezeleka kwamazinga okucubungula kulindelekile, ukusilela emuva kanye nezikhathi zokulinda kukhule kakhulu kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Ukubambezeleka kube ngenxa yobhubhane olungalindelekile lwe-COVID-19 kanye nezinkinga ebezivele zikhona nge-IRCC, njengokushoda kwabasebenzi, ubuchwepheshe obunesikhathi eside, kanye nokuntuleka kokwenza kukahulumeni Wombuso ukubhekana nezinkinga zesakhiwo.
Noma ngabe iyini imbangela yokubambezeleka, i-Pax Law Corporation ihlonyiselwe ukusiza amakhasimende ethu. Uma ubhekene nokubambezeleka okungenangqondo ekucubunguleni isicelo sakho sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, landela lo mhlahlandlela ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi incwadi ye-mandamus ingasiza kanjani, noma usithinte kwa-Pax Law Corporation ukuze ubone ukuthi singasiza kanjani.
Uyini Umbhalo weMandamus?
Umbhalo we-mandamus ususelwa emthethweni ovamile wamaNgisi futhi uyikhambi lezomthetho noma umyalo weNkantolo okhishwe yiNkantolo Ephakeme phezu kwenkantolo encane, inhlangano kahulumeni, noma igunya lomphakathi ukwenza umsebenzi walo ngaphansi komthetho.
Emthethweni wabokufika, incwadi ye-mandamus ingasetshenziswa ukucela iNkantolo Yombuso ukuthi iyalele i-IRCC ukuthi icubungule isicelo sakho futhi ikhiphe isinqumo ngesikhathi esithile. I-writ of mandamus iyikhambi eliyingqayizivele elincike kakhulu emaqinisweni athile wesimo ngasinye futhi lisetshenziswe kuphela lapho ukubambezeleka okungenangqondo kokucubungula kwenzeke.
Amandla noma impumelelo yesicelo sakho se-mandamus izoncika emandleni esicelo sakho sokuqala, isikhathi esilindelekile sokucutshungulwa kwesicelo sakho esithile kanye nezwe othumele kulo isicelo sakho, ukuthi ngabe ubuphethe noma cha yini isibopho sokulibaziseka kokucubungula, futhi ekugcineni, ubude besikhathi obulinde isinqumo.
Imibandela Yokukhipha I-oda le-Mandamus
Njengoba sesishilo, i-writ of mandamus iyikhambi eliyingqayizivele futhi kufanele isetshenziswe njengethuluzi elisebenzayo kuphela lapho umfakisicelo ebhekane nokulibaziseka okungenangqondo futhi ehlangabezane nemibandela noma ukuhlolwa okungokomthetho okubekwe emthethweni wecala leNkantolo Yombuso.
INkantolo Yombuso ihlonze imibandela eyisishiyagalombili (8) noma izimfuneko okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ukuze incwadi ye-mandamus inikezwe [Apotex v Canada (AG), 1993 CanLII 3004 (FCA); Sharafaldin v Canada (MCI), 2022 FC 768]:
- kufanele kube nomsebenzi osemthethweni womphakathi wokuthatha isinyathelo
- umsebenzi kumele ukweletwa umfakisicelo
- kufanele kube nelungelo elicacile lokwenza lowo msebenzi
- umfakisicelo wenelise yonke imibandela eyandulela lowo msebenzi;
- kwakukhona
- isidingo sangaphambili somsebenzi wokusebenza
- isikhathi esifanele sokuhambisana nesidingo
- ukwenqaba okulandelayo, okuveziwe noma okushiwo (okungukuthi ukubambezeleka okungenangqondo)
- lapho umsebenzi okuhloswe ukuthi usetshenziswe ungowokuzikhethela, imithetho ethile eyengeziwe iyasebenza;
- alikho elinye ikhambi elanele elikhona kumfakisicelo;
- i-oda elifunwayo lizoba nenzuzo ethile noma umphumela;
- akukho mkhawulo olinganayo wokusiza okufunwayo; futhi
- ngokulingana kokunethezeka, kufanele kukhishwe umyalelo we-mandamus.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kufanele uqale wenelise zonke izimo ezidala umsebenzi wokusebenza. Ngamafuphi, uma isicelo sakho sisalindile ngenxa yokuthi awuzange uhambise yonke imibhalo edingekayo noma eceliwe noma ngesizathu esiyiphutha lakho, awukwazi ukufuna incwadi ye-mandamus.
Ukubambezeleka Okungenangqondo
Isici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi uyafaneleka yini noma kufanele uqhubeke nencwadi ye-mandamus ubude bokubambezeleka. Ubude bokubambezeleka buzocatshangelwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula esilindelekile. Ungahlola isikhathi sokucutshungulwa sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ngokuya ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesicelo oluthumele kanye nendawo ofake kuyo isicelo Iwebhusayithi ye-IRCC. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izikhathi zokucubungula ezihlinzekwe yi-IRCC zilokhu zishintsha futhi zingase zingalungile noma zidukise, njengoba zingase zibonise ukusilela emuva okukhona.
I-Jurisprudence ibeke izimfuneko ezintathu (3) okufanele zihlangatshezwe ukuze ukubambezeleka kuthathwe njengokungafaneleki:
- ukubambezeleka okukhulunywa ngakho kube isikhathi eside kunohlobo lwenqubo edingekayo; prima facie
- umfakisicelo noma abeluleki babo abanacala ngokubambezeleka; futhi
- isiphathimandla esibhekele ukubambezeleka asinikezanga isizathu esanelisayo.
[UThomas v Canada (Ukuphepha Komphakathi kanye Nokulungiselela Okuphuthumayo), 2020 FC 164; Conille v Canada (MCI), [1992] 2 FC 33 (TD)]
Ngokuvamile, uma isicelo sakho sisalinde ukucutshungulwa, noma ubulinde isinqumo isikhathi esingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwezinga lesevisi le-IRCC, ungase uphumelele ekufuneni incwadi ye-mandamus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba izikhathi zokucubungula ezihlinzekwe yi-IRCC zingabophezeli ngokomthetho, zinikeza ukuqonda okujwayelekile noma okulindelekile kulokho okuzobhekwa “njengesikhathi esiphusile” sokucubungula. Sekukonke, udaba ngalunye kufanele luhlolwe ngalolodwa, kuncike emaqinisweni nasezimeni futhi akukho mpendulo eqinile nesheshayo yalokho okuhlanganisa ukubambezeleka “okungenangqondo” okukhona. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi incwadi ye-mandamus ikulungele yini, shayela i-Pax Law Corporation ukuze nibonisane ukuze nixoxe ngodaba lwakho.
Ibhalansi ye-Convenience
Lapho ihlola ukungabi nangqondo kokubambezeleka okukhulunywa ngakho, iNkantolo izokala lokhu ngokubhekana nazo zonke izimo esicelweni sakho, njengomphumela wokubambezeleka komfakisicelo noma uma ukubambezeleka kuwumphumela wanoma yikuphi ukuchema noma kubangele noma yikuphi ukubandlululwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ludale umonakalo ekusebenzeni kukahulumeni kanye nezikhathi zokucubungula, iNkantolo Yombuso ithole ukuthi i-COVID-19 ayibeki isibopho se-IRCC namandla okuthatha izinqumo [Almuhtadi v Canada (MCI), 2021 FC 712]. Sekukonke, lo bhubhane ngokungangabazeki beluphazamisa, kepha ukusebenza kukahulumeni kuqale phansi kancane, futhi iNkantolo Yombuso ngeke yamukele lolu bhubhane njengencazelo yokubambezeleka okungenangqondo egameni le-IRCC.
Nokho, isizathu esivamile sokubambezeleka yizizathu zokuphepha. Isibonelo, i-IRCC kungase kudingeke ukuthi ibuze ngesheke lezokuphepha kwelinye izwe. Nakuba isizinda nokuphepha nokuhlolwa kokuvikela kungase kube imfuneko edingekayo nebalulekile ngaphansi komthetho olawulayo futhi kuthethelele ukubambezeleka okude ekucubunguleni izicelo ze-visa noma izimvume, incazelo eyengeziwe izodingeka lapho Ummangalelwa ethembele ekukhathazekeni kwezokuphepha ukuze achaze ukubambezeleka. Ku Abdolkhaleghi, uMhlonishwa uMam Justice Tremblay-Lamer uxwayise ngokuthi izitatimende ezivamile ezifana nokukhathazeka ngezokuphepha noma ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha azihlanganisi izincazelo ezanele zokubambezeleka okungenangqondo. Kafushane, ukuphepha noma ukuhlolwa kwangemuva kukodwa kuyisizathu esinganele.
Ukuqala Inqubo - Bhuka Ukubonisana Namuhla!
Kufanele sigcizelele ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuthi isicelo sakho siphelele futhi asinazinkinga ezisobala ngaphambi kokufuna incwadi ye-mandamus.
Lapha kwa-Pax Law, idumela lethu kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Sizoqhubeka necala lakho kuphela uma sikholwa ukuthi maningi amathuba okuphumelela phambi kweNkantolo Yombuso. Ukuze uqale inqubo ye-mandamus ngesikhathi esifanele, sicela ukuthi ubuyekeze amadokhumenti owahambisile nesicelo sakho sokuqala sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, uqinisekise ukuthi awanawo amaphutha asobala noma amaphutha, futhi udlulisele ngokushesha wonke amadokhumenti ehhovisi lethu.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi i-Pax Law ingasiza kanjani ngesicelo sakho se-mandamus nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ongabhekana nazo ngesikhathi sokuthuthela eCanada, thintana nochwepheshe bezomthetho bokufika ehhovisi lethu namuhla.
Sicela uqaphele: Le bhulogi ayihloselwe ukuba kwabelwane ngayo njengeseluleko sezomthetho. Uma ufisa ukukhuluma noma ukuhlangana nomunye wochwepheshe bethu bezomthetho, sicela ubhukhe ukubonisana lapha!
Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngezinqumo zenkantolo ye-Pax Law eNkantolo Yombuso, ungenza kanjalo ne-Canadian Legal Information Institute ngokuchofoza lapha.
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