Izivumelwano zokuhlalisana, Isivumelwano Sangaphambi Kokushada, Nezivumelwano Zomshado

Izivumelwano Zokuhlalisana, Izivumelwano Zangaphambi Kokushada, Nezivumelwano Zomshado

1 – Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesivumelwano sangaphambi komshado (“prenup”), isivumelwano sokuhlalisana, kanye nesivumelwano somshado?

Kafushane, mncane kakhulu umehluko phakathi kwezivumelwano ezintathu ezingenhla. I-prenup noma isivumelwano somshado siyinkontileka oyisayina nophathina wakho othandana naye ngaphambi kokuba ushade naye noma ngemva komshado lapho ubuhlobo benu busesendaweni enhle. Isivumelwano sokuhlalisana siyinkontileka oyisayina nophathina wakho othandana naye ngaphambi kokuthi uyohlala naye noma uma usuyohlala ngaphandle kwenhloso yokushada maduzane. Isivumelwano esisodwa singasebenza njengesivumelwano sokuhlalisana lapho abashadile behlala ndawonye bese kuba isivumelwano somshado lapho benquma ukushada. Ezigabeni ezisele zalesi sivumelwano, uma ngikhuluma “ngesivumelwano sokuhlalisana” ngibhekisela kuwo womathathu amagama.

2- Kuyini iphuzu lokuthola isivumelwano sokuhlalisana?

Umbuso womthetho womndeni eBritish Columbia naseCanada usekelwe ku Umthetho Wesehlukaniso, umthetho ophasiswe yiFederal Parliament, kanye ne Umthetho Womthetho Womndeni, umthetho ophasiswe yisishayamthetho sesifundazwe saseBrithani Columbia. Lezi zenzo ezimbili zibeka ukuthi yimaphi amalungelo nezibophezelo abantu ababili abathandana nabo abanazo ngemva kokuhlukana komunye nomunye. I-Divorce Act kanye ne-Family Law Act yizicucu zomthetho ezinde futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukuzichaza kungaphezu kobubanzi balesi sihloko, kodwa izingxenye ezithile zaleyo mithetho emibili zithinta amalungelo abantu bansuku zonke base-British Columbians ngemva kokuhlukana nozakwethu.

Umthetho Womthetho Womndeni uchaza izigaba zezakhiwo ngokuthi “impahla yomndeni” kanye “nempahla ehlukene” futhi uthi impahla yomndeni kufanele ihlukaniswe ngama-50/50 phakathi kwabashadile ngemva kokuhlukana. Kunezinhlinzeko ezifanayo ezisebenza esikweletini futhi zithi isikweletu somndeni kufanele sihlukaniswe phakathi kwabashadile. UMthetho Womthetho Womndeni nawo uthi umlingani angafaka isicelo sokwamukela ukwesekwa komlingani kumlingani wabo wangaphambili ngemva kokuhlukana. Okokugcina, uMthetho Womthetho Womndeni ubeka ilungelo lezingane lokondla izingane kubazali bazo.

Iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele ulikhumbule ukuthi uMthetho Womthetho Womndeni uchaza umlingani ngendlela ehlukile kunalokho abantu abaningi abangakucabanga. Isigaba 3 soMthetho sithi:

3   (1) Umuntu ungumngane womshado ngezinhloso zalo Mthetho uma lowo muntu

(A) ushade nomunye umuntu, noma

(B) uke wahlala nomunye umuntu ebuhlotsheni obunjengomshado, futhi

(I) wenze njalo isikhathi esiqhubekayo okungenani iminyaka emi-2, noma

(Ii) ngaphandle kwaseZigabeni 5 [Isigaba Sezakhiwo] futhi 6 [Isigaba Sempesheni], unengane nomunye umuntu.

Ngakho-ke, incazelo yabashadile kuMthetho Womthetho Womndeni ihlanganisa imibhangqwana engakaze ishade - umqondo ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umshado ojwayelekile" ngolimi lwansuku zonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu ababili abaye bahlala ndawonye nganoma yisiphi isizathu futhi basebudlelwaneni obufana nomshado (wothando) bangathathwa njengabashadile ngemva kweminyaka emibili futhi bangase babe namalungelo empahleni yomunye nomunye kanye nezimpesheni ngemva kokuhlukana.

Imibhangqwana eneso elibheke esikhathini esizayo futhi ihlele izimo ezingalindelekile ingabona ingozi engokwemvelo yombuso wezomthetho kanye nenani lezivumelwano zokuhlalisana. Akekho ongabikezela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani eshumini leminyaka, emashumini amabili eminyaka, noma ngisho nangaphezulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa nokuhlela okwamanje, oyedwa noma bobabili abashadile bangafakwa ebunzimeni obukhulu bezezimali nezomthetho uma ubuhlobo bubhidlika. Ukwehlukana lapho abashadile beya enkantolo ngenxa yezingxabano zempahla kungabiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi, kuthathe iminyaka ukuxazulula, kubangele ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, futhi konakalise isithunzi sabathintekayo. Kungase futhi kuholele ezinqumweni zenkantolo ezishiya amaqembu esezimeni ezinzima zezimali impilo yawo yonke.

Ngokwesibonelo, icala lika P(D) v S(A), 2021 NWTSC 30 imayelana nombhangqwana owahlukana lapho besanda kweva eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ubudala ngo-2003. Kwakhishwa umyalelo wenkantolo ngo-2006 owawuyala umyeni ukuba akhokhe u-$2000 wesondlo somyeni kunkosikazi wakhe wangaphambili njalo ngenyanga. Lo myalelo wawuhlukanisiwe esicelweni somyeni ngo-2017 sokunciphisa inani lokusekelwa komlingani libe ngu-$1200 ngenyanga. Ngo-2021, umyeni, manje osevile eminyakeni engu-70 futhi ephila impilo ebuthaka, kwadingeka aphinde afake isicelo enkantolo ukuze acele ukuthi angasayikhokhi imali yesondlo somlingani, njengoba wayengasakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela ethembekile futhi kudingeka athathe umhlalaphansi.

Icala likhombisa ukuthi ukwehlukana ngaphansi kwemithetho emisiwe yokuhlukaniswa kwempahla kanye nokwesekwa kwabashadile kungaholela ekutheni umuntu akhokhe isondlo somlingani kulowo ayeshade naye iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. Abashadile bekufanele baye enkantolo futhi balwe izikhathi eziningi ngalesi sikhathi.

Uma izinhlangothi zinesivumelwano sokuhlalisana esibhalwe kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi zikwazile ukuxazulula le nkinga ngesikhathi zihlukana ngo-2003.

3 - Ungamqinisekisa kanjani umlingani wakho ukuthi ukuthola isivumelwano sokuhlala ndawonye kuwumqondo omuhle?

Wena nophathina wakho kufanele nihlale phansi nixoxisane ngobuqotho. Kufanele uzibuze imibuzo elandelayo:

1. Obani okufanele ngabe benza izinqumo ngempilo yethu? Ingabe kufanele sakhe isivumelwano sokuhlalisana njengamanje sokuthi sinobuhlobo obuhle futhi singakwenza lokho, noma kufanele sibeke engozini ngokuhlukana ngokungafanele esikhathini esizayo, ukulwa enkantolo, kanye nejaji elingazi okuningi ngathi lenza izinqumo mayelana nokuphila kwethu?
2. Sinolwazi kangakanani ngezezimali? Ingabe sifuna ukusebenzisa imali njengamanje ukuze sibe nesivumelwano sokuhlalisana esibhalwe kahle noma sifuna ukukhokha izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngezindleko zomthetho ukuze sixazulule izingxabano zethu uma sihlukana?
3. Libaluleke kangakanani ikhono lokuhlela ikusasa lethu kanye nomhlalaphansi wethu? Ingabe sifuna ukuba nesiqiniseko nokuzinza ukuze sikwazi ukuhlela ngempumelelo umhlalaphansi wethu noma sifuna ukubeka engcupheni ukuwohloka kobudlelwane futhi kuphinde kuphonseke inselelo ezinhlelweni zethu zokuthatha umhlalaphansi?

Uma usube nale ngxoxo, ungafinyelela esinqumweni sokusebenzisana mayelana nokuthi ukuthola isivumelwano sokuhlala ndawonye kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sakho nomndeni wakho.

4 – Ingabe isivumelwano sokuhlalisana siyindlela ethile yokuvikela amalungelo akho?

Cha, akunjalo. Isigaba sama-93 soMthetho Womthetho Womndeni sivumela iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-British Columbia ukuthi ibekele eceleni isivumelwano esithola singalungile ngokuphawulekayo ngokusekelwe ekucatshangelweni okuthile okubekwe kuleso sigaba.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi isivumelwano sakho sokuhlalisana sibhalwe ngosizo lommeli onobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha womthetho kanye nolwazi lokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe ukuze ubhale isivumelwano esinganikeza wena nomndeni wakho isiqiniseko esikhulu.

Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze uthole ukubonisana no Amir Ghorbani, ummeli womndeni wakwa-Pax Law, mayelana nesivumelwano sokuhlalisana sakho nozakwenu.