Ukuba Umbaleki ECanada: Ukwenza Isicelo Sababaleki

ICanada iphakathi kwamazwe aphezulu anezinhlelo zokusiza ababaleki abavela emhlabeni wonke. Uhlelo lwababaleki lwaseCanada lwamukela noma yibaphi abafuna ukukhoseliswa ababaleke ezweni labo ngenxa yokwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu, noma abangakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya futhi abadinga kakhulu ukuvikelwa.

I-Canada nge-Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada's (IRCC) yamukele ababaleki abangaphezu kwe-1,000,000 kusukela ngo-1980. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, i- inani lababaleki lilinganiselwa kumaphesenti ayi-14.74 azo zonke izakhamuzi ezihlala unomphela eCanada.

Isimo samanje sababaleki eCanada

I-UNHCR ibeka iCanada njengelinye lamazwe abamba ababaleki abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphambi koSuku Lomhlaba Lwababaleki ngonyaka odlule, uHulumeni waseCanada wamemezela izinhlelo ezengeziwe zokwandisa ukwamukelwa kwababaleki nemindeni yabo futhi kusheshiswe izicelo zabo zokuhlala unomphela.

ICanada ivulekele ukwamukela ababaleki abaningi njengoba izwe lingakwazi ukubabamba. I-IRCC isanda kukhipha inhloso ebuyekeziwe yokuhlomula kwabokufika abangaphezu kuka-431,000 ngo-2022. Lokhu kuyingxenye ye Izinhlelo Zamazinga Okufuduka zase-Canada zango-2022-2024, futhi ibeka indlela yokwenyuka kokuhlosiwe kwabokufika ukusiza umnotho waseCanada ululame futhi kubhebhethekise ukukhula kwangemva kobhubhane. Ngaphezu kwesigamu sabo bonke abafundi abahlelelwe ukwamukelwa abasesigabeni se-Economic Class esichaza indlela yokwandisa imigomo yabokufika ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusimama komnotho wangemva kobhubhane.

Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2021, iCanada ikwenzile yamukele ababaleki base-Afghan abangaphezu kuka-15,000 ngokwezibalo zikaJuni 2022. Ngo-2018, iCanada nayo yabalwa njengezwe elinezindawo zokuhlala zababaleki eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ungasithola kanjani isimo sababaleki eCanada

Njengamazwe amaningi, iCanada yamukela ababaleki kuphela ngendlela yokudlulisela. Awukwazi ukufaka isicelo sokuba umbaleki ngqo kuHulumeni waseCanada. Uhulumeni, nge-IRCC, udinga ukuthi umbaleki adluliselwe elinye iqembu lapho egcwalisa zonke izidingo zombaleki.

I-United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) iyinhlangano eyinhloko eqokiwe yokudlulisela. Amanye amaqembu oxhaso azimele, njengoba kuxoxwe ngawo ngezansi, angakudlulisela e-Canada. Umbaleki kufanele abe ngowesinye salezi zigaba ezimbili zababaleki ukuze athole ukudluliselwa.

1. Ikilasi Lababaleki Bezizwe Ngezizwe

Abantu baleli klasi kufanele bahlangabezane nale mibandela elandelayo:

• Bahlala ngaphandle kwamazwe abo.
• Abakwazi ukubuyela emazweni abo ngenxa yokwesaba ukushushiswa okusekelwe kuhlanga, inkolo, umbono wezombangazwe, ubulungu beqembu elithile lomphakathi, njll.

2. Izwe Lekilasi Le-Asylum

Labo abangaphansi kwalesi sigaba sababaleki kumelwe bafeze le mibandela:

• Bahlala ngaphandle kwezwe labo mama noma izwe abahlala kulo.
• Kumelwe futhi ukuthi bathinteke kakhulu empini yombango noma bathole ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okuhlala njalo.

Uhulumeni waseCanada uzophinde amukele noma yimuphi umbaleki (ngaphansi kwawo womabili amakilasi), inqobo nje uma ekwazi ukuzondla yena nemindeni yakhe. Nokho, usazodinga ukudluliselwa okuvela ku-UNHCR, inhlangano yokudlulisela egunyaziwe, noma iqembu elizimele loxhaso.

Izinhlelo Zokuvikela Ababaleki baseCanada

Uhlelo lwababaleki baseCanada lusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Uhlelo Lokuhlaliswa Kabusha Kwababaleki Nokusiza Abantu

Uhlelo Lokuhlaliswa Kabusha Kwababaleki Nokusizakala lusiza abantu abadinga ukuvikelwa ngaphandle kwaseCanada ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo. Njengokwezinhlinzeko zezinhlelo zokuvikela ababaleki baseCanada, i-United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) iyona kuphela i-ejensi engahlonza ababaleki abafanelekile ukuze bahlaliswe kabusha.

I-Canada futhi inenethiwekhi yabaxhasi abazimele ezweni lonke abavunyelwe ukubuyisela ababaleki eCanada ngokuqhubekayo. Ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu alandelayo:

Abaphathi Besivumelwano Soxhaso

Lezi yizinhlangano zezenkolo, zobuhlanga noma zomphakathi ezinezivumelwano zoxhaso ezisayiniwe ezivela kuHulumeni waseCanada ukuze zisekele ababaleki. Bangakwazi ukuxhasa ababaleki ngokuqondile noma bahlanganyele namanye amalungu omphakathi.

Amaqembu Abahlanu

Lokhu kuhlanganisa okungenani izakhamizi ezinhlanu zabantu abadala zaseCanada/izakhamuzi ezihlala unomphela ezivuma ukuxhasa kanye nokwamukela umbaleki emphakathini wangakini. Amaqembu Abahlanu ahlinzeka ababaleki ngohlelo lokukhokhelana kanye nokusekelwa ngezimali isikhathi esingangonyaka.

Abaxhasi bomphakathi

Abaxhasi bomphakathi kungaba izinhlangano noma izinhlangano ezixhasa ababaleki ngohlelo lokuxazulula izinkinga nokusekelwa ngokwezimali isikhathi esingangonyaka owodwa.

Lawa maqembu abaxhasi abazimele angahlangana nalaba babaleki ngokusebenzisa:

• I-Blended Visa Office-Referred (BVOR) Programme - Uhlelo olubambisene nababaleki i-UNHCR ebahlonze ngomxhasi eCanada.
• Abantu emasontweni, emiphakathini yendawo, emaqenjini amasiko, njll.

Ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseCanada, bonke ababaleki kufanele bahlolwe ngokwanele kunoma yimaphi amacala obugebengu noma izimo zezempilo kungakhathaliseki abaxhasi babo noma uhlelo lokuhlaliswa kabusha. I-IRCC iphinde ilindele ababaleki abeza eCanada ukuba babe abantu abangenamakhaya futhi asebehlale emakamu ababaleki iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba bafune ukuhlaliswa kabusha.

Usifaka Kanjani Isicelo Sesimo Sababaleki Ngaphansi Kohlelo Lwababaleki BaseCanada Nokusiza Abantu Ukuhlaliswa Kabusha

Abantu abafuna isimo sababaleki bangathola iphakheji lesicelo eliphelele ku Le yindawo ka IRCC. Amaphakheji ezicelo ahlanganisa wonke amafomu adingekayo okufaka isicelo sokuhlaliswa kabusha kwababaleki ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, njenge:

1. Ifomu elimayelana nesizinda sababaleki
2. Ifomu Labantu Abathembele Kubo abengeziwe
3. Ababaleki abangaphandle kweCanada ifomu
4. Ifomu lokuthi ingabe umbaleki usebenzise ummeleli

Uma i-UNHCR noma enye inhlangano yokudlulisela phambili idlulisela umbaleki, i-IRCC yaphesheya izobaqondisa ukuthi bangasifaka kanjani isicelo ehhovisi labo. Bazothumelela umbaleki incwadi yokuqinisekisa kanye nenombolo yefayela abelwe yona. Uma isicelo samukelwe, i-IRCC izonquma ukuthi umbaleki uzohlaliswa kuphi kabusha.

Noma yikuphi ukuthunyelwa kwababaleki yiqembu labaxhasi elizimele kuzodinga ukuthi iqembu eliphethe ukudluliselwa lifake isicelo ku-IRCC. Uma isicelo samukelwe, umbaleki uzohlaliswa kabusha endaweni lapho umxhasi wakhe ehlala khona.

Kuzo zombili izimo, i-IRCC izosebenzisana nozakwethu ukuhlela ukuthutha nokuhlala kwababaleki. Azikho izimali ezikhokhiswayo kuyo yonke inqubo yesicelo.

2. Uhlelo lwe-Asylum yaseCanada

I-Canada futhi inoHlelo Lwe-In-Canada Asylum lwabantu abenza izicelo zokuvikela ababaleki ngaphakathi ezweni. Lolu hlelo lusebenzela ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwababaleki kulabo abesaba ukushushiswa kwabo, ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukujeziswa ngonya emazweni abo.

Uhlelo lwababaleki base-Canada Asylum luqinile, futhi abantu abaningi benqatshelwa isimo sokukhoseliswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifana nokuthi:

1. Ukugwetshwa kwangaphambilini ngecala elinzima lobugebengu
2. Ukwenqatshwa kwezicelo zangaphambilini zababaleki

I-Canada Ibhodi Labafuduki kanye Nababaleki (IRB) inquma ukuthi umuntu uyahlangabezana yini nezimo zokuthi anikezwe isikhundla sokuba ngumbaleki ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-In-Canada Asylum.

Ukufuna Isimo Sababaleki e-Canada

Umuntu angakwazi ukufaka izicelo zombaleki eCanada noma ngaphandle kwaseCanada ngezindlela ezilandelayo.

Isimangalo Sababaleki Ngechweba Lokungena

Uhulumeni waseCanada uvumela ababaleki ukuthi benze izimangalo zokuvikela lapho befika e-Canada emachwebeni okungena njengezikhumulo zezindiza, imingcele yezwe noma amachweba. Umuntu uzodingeka ukuthi agcwalise inhlolokhono yokufaneleka nesikhulu esivela ku-Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA).

Isimangalo 'esifanelekile' sizodluliselwa ku-Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB) ukuze kulalelwe. Isimangalo sombaleki singakhishwa uma:

1. Umfakisicelo wayeke wenza isicelo sombaleki eCanada
2. Umbaleki wenze icala elinzima esikhathini esidlule
3. Umbaleki wangena eCanada edlula e-United States.

Ababaleki abafanelekile banikezwa amafomu yisikhulu se-CBSA ukuze bawagcwalise ngesikhathi senhlolokhono. Isikhulu sizophinde sihlinzeke ngeFomu Lesisekelo Sesimangalo (i-BOC), okufanele lilethelwe ilungu ngalinye lomndeni elingumbaleki zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-15 ngemva kokudluliselwa kwesicelo.

Ababaleki abanezicelo ezifanelekile bafanelekile:

1. Ukufinyelela ku-Interim Federal Health Programme yaseCanada nezinye izinsiza. Bazonikezwa Idokhumenti Yommangali Wokuvikelwa Kwababaleki okufanayo.
2. Incwadi YokuQinisekisa Okudluliswayo iqinisekisa ukuthi isimangalo sidluliselwe ku-IRB.

Ukwenza isimangalo ngemva kokufika eCanada

Isimangalo sokuvikela umbaleki esenziwe ngemva kokufika e-Canada sidinga ummangali ukuthi athumele isicelo esiphelele, okuhlanganisa nawo wonke amadokhumenti asekelayo kanye neFomu le-BOC. Isimangalo kufanele sithunyelwe ku-inthanethi nge-Refugee Protection Portal. Izidingo ezibalulekile lapha amakhophi e-elekthronikhi amadokhumenti kanye ne-akhawunti eku-inthanethi ukuze uhambise isimangalo

Ababaleki abangakwazi ukuhambisa izicelo zabo ku-inthanethi ngemva kokufika eCanada bangacela ukunikeza okufanayo ephepheni bengaphakathi eCanada. Kungenjalo, bangasebenza nommeleli ozinze e-Canada ukuze basize ekugcwaliseni nokuthumela isimangalo egameni labo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani umbaleki ukufika e-Canada ngemva kokugunyazwa koxhaso lwakhe?

Kungase kuthathe amasonto angu-16 ukuthi umbaleki afike e-Canada ngemva kokugunyazwa kokuxhaswa kwakhe kwababaleki ezweni. Izigaba ezithintekayo ngaphambi kokuhamba yilezi;

1. Iviki elilodwa lokucubungula isicelo soxhaso
2. Amasonto ayisishiyagalombili okuba ababaleki bathole ama-visa abo nezimvume zokuphuma, kuye ngendawo abakuyo
3. Amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ukuze ababaleki bathole izincwadi zabo zokuhamba

Ezinye izinto ezifana noshintsho olungalindelekile esimweni sezwe lababaleki nazo zingabambezela ukuya eCanada.

Imicabango yokugcina

Izinhlelo zababaleki zaseCanada zisalokhu zihamba phambili emhlabeni, ngenxa yokuzimisela kwezwe kanye nezinhlelo ezibekwe kahle zokwamukela abafuna ukukhoseliswa abaningi. Uhulumeni wase-Canada futhi usebenzisana eduze nozakwethu abaningi kanye nababambiqhaza ukuze anikeze izinsiza ezihlukene zokuhlala ezisiza ababaleki ukuzijwayeza ukuphila e-Canada.

Resources

Hlela kabusha eCanada njengombaleki
Ukufaka Isicelo Njengombaleki Emhlanganweni Noma Njengomsizi Wobuntu—Umuntu Ovikelwe Kwamanye Amazwe
Indlela uhlelo lwababaleki lwaseCanada olusebenza ngayo
Ngisifaka kanjani isicelo se-Asylum?
Ukufuna ukuvikelwa kwababaleki - 1. Ukwenza isicelo

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