Izivumelwano zokuhlalisana, iSivumelwano sangaphambi komtshato, kunye neZivumelwano zoMtshato

Izivumelwano zokuhlalisana, iziVumelwano zangaphambi komtshato, kunye neziVumelwano zoMtshato

1 – Uthini umahluko phakathi kwesivumelwano sangaphambi komtshato (“prenup”), isivumelwano sokuhlalisana, kunye nesivumelwano somtshato?

Ngokufutshane, kukho umahluko omncinane kakhulu phakathi kwezi zivumelwano zithathu zingasentla. Isivumelwano sangaphambi komtshato okanye isivumelwano somtshato sisivumelwano osityikityayo neqabane lakho othandana nalo ngaphambi kokuba utshate nalo okanye emva komtshato xa ulwalamano lwenu lusahleli kakuhle. Isivumelwano sokuhlalisana sisivumelwano osityikityayo neqabane lakho othandana nalo ngaphambi kokuba uhlale nalo okanye xa uye wahlala ungenanjongo yokutshata kwixesha elizayo elingekude. Isivumelwano esinye sinokusebenza njengesivumelwano sokuhlalisana xa abantu abatshatileyo behlala kunye size sibe sisivumelwano somtshato xa begqiba kwelokuba batshate. Kumacandelo aseleyo esi sivumelwano, xa ndithetha “ngesivumelwano sokuhlalisana” ndibhekisa kuwo omathathu amagama.

2- Yintoni injongo yokufumana isivumelwano sokuhlalisana?

Ulawulo losapho lomthetho eBritish Columbia naseKhanada lusekelwe kwi Umthetho woqhawulo-mtshato, umthetho owiswe yiPalamente Federal, kunye UMthetho woSapho, umthetho owiswe yindlu yowiso-mthetho yephondo laseBritish Columbia. Ezi zenzo zimbini zibeka ukuba ngawaphi amalungelo kunye noxanduva amaqabane amabini athandanayo emva kokuba bohlukene omnye komnye. I-Divorce Act kunye neFamily Law act ziziqwengana ezinde nezintsonkothileyo zomthetho kwaye ukuzichaza kungaphaya kwemida yeli nqaku, kodwa iinxalenye ezithile zaloo mithetho mibini ichaphazela amalungelo abantu baseBritish Columbians bemihla ngemihla emva kokuba bohlukene namaqabane abo.

UMthetho woMthetho woSapho uchaza udidi lwepropathi “njengepropathi yosapho” kunye “nepropathi eyahlukileyo” kwaye uthi ipropathi yosapho kufuneka yahlulwe ngama-50/50 phakathi kwabalingane emva kokwahlukana. Kukho amalungiselelo afanayo asebenza etyaleni kwaye athi ityala lentsapho kufuneka lahlulwe phakathi kwamaqabane. UMthetho woSapho ukwachaza ukuba iqabane lingenza isicelo sokufumana inkxaso yeqabane kwiqabane labo langaphambili emva kokwahlukana. Okokugqibela, uMthetho woMthetho woSapho umisela ilungelo labantwana kwinkxaso yomntwana evela kubazali babo.

Inqaku eliphambili ekufuneka ligcinwe engqondweni kukuba uMthetho woSapho uchaza umlingane ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba abantu abaninzi benokucinga. ICandelo lesi-3 loMthetho lithi:

3   (1) Umntu liqabane ngeenjongo zalo Mthetho ukuba loo mntu

(a) utshate nomnye umntu, okanye

(B) uye wahlala nomnye umntu kubudlelwane obufana nomtshato, kwaye

(i) wenze njalo kangangethuba leminyaka emi-2 ubuncinane, okanye

(ii) ngaphandle kwaMacandelo 5 [Icandelo lePropati] Kunye ne6 [Icandelo lomhlalaphantsi], unomntwana nomnye umntu.

Ngoko ke, inkcazo yamaqabane kuMthetho woSapho ibandakanya izibini ezingazange zitshate omnye komnye - ingcamango edla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ngumtshato oqhelekileyo womtshato" kwintetho yemihla ngemihla. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu ababini abaye bahlala kunye ngaso nasiphi na isizathu kwaye bakubudlelwane obufana nomtshato (obuthandanayo) banokugqalwa njengamaqabane emva kweminyaka emibini kwaye banokuba namalungelo kwimpahla kunye nemali yomhlalaphantsi yomnye emva kokwahlukana.

Izibini ezineliso elijonge kwikamva kwaye zicwangcise iimeko ezingalindelekanga zinokuwuqonda umngcipheko wendalo wolawulo lwezomthetho kunye nexabiso lezivumelwano zokuhlalisana. Akukho mntu unokuxela kwangaphambili oko kuya kwenzeka kwishumi leminyaka, kumashumi amabini eminyaka, okanye nangaphezulu kwixesha elizayo. Ngaphandle kokukhathalelwa nokucwangciswa okwangoku, iqabane elinye okanye omabini anokubekwa kwiingxaki zemali nasemthethweni ukuba ubudlelwane buqhawuka. Ukwahlukana apho amaqabane aya enkundleni ngenxa yeengxabano zezindlu kunokuxabisa amawaka eedola, kuthabathe iminyaka ukuyicombulula, kubangele unxunguphalo ngokwasengqondweni, kuze konakalise isidima samaqabane. Isenokukhokelela kwizigqibo zenkundla ezishiya amaqela ekwimeko ezinzima zemali ubomi bawo bonke.

Umzekelo, ityala le P(D) v S(A), 2021 NWTSC 30 imalunga nesibini esahlukanayo xa sasikwiminyaka yamashumi amahlanu ubudala ngo-2003. Umyalelo wenkundla wenziwe ngo-2006 owawuyalela umyeni ukuba ahlawule i-$2000 yenkxaso yomtshato kumfazi wakhe wangaphambili nyanga zonke. Lo myalelo wawuhluke kwisicelo somyeni kwi-2017 ukunciphisa inani lenkxaso yomtshato kwi-$ 1200 ngenyanga. Ngo-2021, umyeni, ngoku okwiminyaka yakhe yama-70 kwaye enempilo enkenenkene, kwafuneka aphinde afake isicelo enkundleni ukuba angabe esahlawula inkxaso yeqabane lakhe, kuba wayengasakwazi ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwaye kwafuneka athathe umhlala-phantsi.

Ityala libonisa ukuba ukwahlukana phantsi kwemithetho engagqibekanga yolwahlulo lwepropati kunye nenkxaso yomlingane kunokukhokelela ekubeni umntu ahlawule inkxaso yomtshato kumlingane wakhe wangaphambili iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15. Amaqabane kwafuneka aye enkundleni kwaye alwe izihlandlo ezininzi ngeli xesha.

Ukuba amaqela anesivumelwano sokuhlalisana esiqulunqwe ngokufanelekileyo, anokuthi akwazi ukucombulula le ngxaki ngexesha lokuhlukana kwabo kwi-2003.

3 – Ungalenza njani iqabane lakho ukuba ukufumana isivumelwano sokuhlalisana licebo elilungileyo?

Wena neqabane lakho kufuneka nihlale phantsi nixoxe ngokunyanisekileyo omnye nomnye. Kufuneka uzibuze le mibuzo ilandelayo:

1. Ngubani ofanele enze izigqibo ngobomi bethu? Ngaba sifanele senze isivumelwano sokuhlalisana ngoku ukuba sinolwalamano oluhle kwaye sinako ukwenjenjalo, okanye ngaba sifanele sibeke esichengeni sokwahlukana okubuhlungu kwixesha elizayo, ukulwa enkundleni, kunye nejaji engazi nto ingako ngathi ngokwenza izigqibo ngobomi bethu?
2. Sinolwazi kangakanani ngezimali? Ngaba sifuna ukuchitha imali ngoku ukuze sibe nesivumelwano sokuhlalisana esiqulunqwe ngokufanelekileyo okanye sifuna ukuhlawula amawaka eedola kwimirhumo yomthetho ukusombulula iingxabano zethu ukuba siyahlukana?
3. Kubaluleke kangakanani ukukwazi ukucwangcisa ikamva lethu kunye nomhlalaphantsi wethu? Ngaba sifuna ukuqiniseka kunye nozinzo ukuze sikwazi ukucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo umhlala-phantsi wethu okanye ngaba sifuna ukubeka emngciphekweni ukuqhawuka kobudlelwane nokuphosa isitshixo kwizicwangciso zethu zomhlalaphantsi?

Nje ukuba ube nale ngxoxo, ungafikelela kwisigqibo sentsebenziswano malunga nokuba ukufumana isivumelwano sokuhlalisana lolona khetho lulungileyo kuwe nosapho lwakho.

4 – Ingaba isivumelwano sokuhlalisana yindlela ethile yokukhusela amalungelo akho?

Hayi akunjalo. ICandelo lama-93 loMthetho woSapho livumela iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseBritish Columbia ukuba ibekele bucala isivumelwano esifumanisa singenabulungisa ngokuphawulekayo ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango ezithile ezichazwe kwelo candelo.

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba isivumelwano sakho sokuhlalisana siqulunqwe ngoncedo lwegqwetha elinobuchule kulo mmandla womthetho kunye nolwazi lwamanyathelo okuthathwa ukuyila isivumelwano esinokunika wena nosapho lwakho eyona ngqiniseko.

Fikelela namhlanje ukuze ufumane uthethwano kunye Amir Ghorbani, Igqwetha losapho likaPax Law, malunga nesivumelwano sokuhlalisana sakho neqabane lakho.