Isikhathi Sokufunda
UKUFUNDA NGEMZUZU EYI-5
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado ziye zaba isihloko esivame ukuxoxwa ngaso phakathi kwemibhangqwana ehlela ukushada. Nakuba ngokuvamile ezungezwe umuzwa wokungqubuzana noma ukungaqondi kahle, lawa madokhumenti omthetho angaba nendima ebalulekile ekuhleleni izimali nasekulawuleni ubudlelwano. Lesi sihloko sihlola uhlobo lwezivumelwano zangaphambi komshado, sihlukanise izingxenye zazo ezibalulekile, sihlaziye izinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi, futhi sinikeza isiqondiso sokuthi ingabe ukuya ngaphambi kokushada kungase kube inketho efanelekile yomshado wakho.
Isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado,” siyinkontileka esemthethweni umbhangqwana owenziwa ngaphambi kokuba bashade. Lesi sivumelwano sibonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla, izikweletu, nezibopho zezimali uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso noma ukufa. Izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado zingase futhi zibhekane nezinye izindaba ezinjengokusekela umngane womshado kanye nokusingatha izinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo. Nakuba ngokwesiko ehlotshaniswa nabantu abacebile, ama-prenups aya ngokuya esetshenziswa imibhangqwana evela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezezimali efisa ukucacisa okulindelwe ngokwezezimali ngaphambi kokungena emshadweni.
Injongo eyinhloko yesivumelwano sangaphambi komshado ukuvikela izimpahla nezintshisekelo zeqembu ngalinye. Ngokumisa imigomo ecacile ngaphambi komshado, imibhangqwana ingavimbela ukungqubuzana okungase kube khona nokungaqondi okungase kuphakame uma kwenzeka ngokwehlukana. Lezi zivumelwano zingasebenza njengethuluzi lokuhlelwa kwefa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla ezithile zigcinelwa izingane ezivela ebudlelwaneni bangaphambilini noma abanye abahlomuli. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-prenup kufanele ingenzeleli futhi ibe nengqondo, futhi bobabili abathintekayo kufanele badalule ngokugcwele isimo sabo sezezimali ngaphambi kokusayina.
Izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado zibuswa imithetho yezwe, okusho ukuthi izimfuneko nokuphoqelela kungahluka kuye ngendawo ethile. Kubalulekile ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi zifune umeluleki wezomthetho ozimele ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi isivumelwano sihambisana nemithetho yendawo futhi sivikela izintshisekelo zabo ngokwanele. Lesi siqondiso somthetho singasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-prenup ibhalwa ngendlela efanele futhi iyaphoqeleka enkantolo uma kunesidingo.
Naphezu kokudlondlobala kwazo, izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado azisona isixazululo esilinganayo. Isimo sezimali sombhangqwana ngamunye nezindinganiso zomuntu siqu zizothonya imigomo nemibandela yesivumelwano sabo. Ukuqonda ama-nuances esivumelwano sangaphambi komshado kungasiza imibhangqwana ukuba yenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi leli thuluzi elingokomthetho libufanele yini ubuhlobo babo.
Isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado esakheke kahle ngokuvamile sihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezibhekana nezici zezezimali zomshado. Ingxenye yokuqala ukuhlonza nokuhlukaniswa kwezimpahla nezikweletu. Lesi sigaba sichaza ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla ezithathwa njengempahla ehlukene nokuthi iziphi eziyimpahla yomshado. Impahla ehlukene isho impahla yomlingani oyedwa ngaphambi komshado, kanti impahla yomshado ihlanganisa impahla etholwe ngesikhathi somshado. Ukuzichaza ngokucacile lezi zigaba kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izingxabano ngokuhlukaniswa kwempahla uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso.
Esinye isici esibalulekile esivumelwaneni sangaphambi komshado ukunqunywa kokwesekwa komlingani, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi yi-alimony. Lesi sigaba sicacisa ukuthi noma yiliphi iqembu lizothola ukwesekwa ngokwezimali komunye uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso futhi, uma kunjalo, inani nobude besikhathi salokhu kusekelwa. Ngokubhekana nokusekelwa komngane womshado kusenesikhathi, imibhangqwana ingagwema izingxoxo ezinde neziyizingxabano phakathi nenqubo yesehlukaniso.
Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kwempahla nokwesekwa kwabashadile, izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado zingase zihlanganise izinhlinzeko ezihlobene nokuphathwa kwezinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo nezinqumo zomsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, umbhangqwana ungase uvumelane ngendlela yokuphatha imali engenayo etholakala ebhizinisini eliqalwe phakathi nomshado noma izinkinga ezingokwezimali zomngane womshado othatha ikhefu emsebenzini ukuze akhulise izingane. Lezi zinhlinzeko zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izifiso zezinhlangothi zombili zomsebenzi kanye neminikelo yezezimali ziyaqashelwa futhi ziyahlonishwa.
Okokugcina, isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado singase sihlanganise izigaba ezihlobene nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano kanye nokuguqulwa kwesivumelwano. Imibhangqwana ingacacisa ukuthi izosebenzisa ukulamula noma ukulamula ukuze ixazulule noma yikuphi ukungaboni ngaso linye okungaba khona phakathi nomshado noma uma kwenzeka idivosi. Ukwengeza, isivumelwano singachaza inqubo yokwenza izichibiyelo, sivumele umbhangqwana ukuthi uvumelane nesandulela sokushintsha kwezimo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezingazuzisa imibhangqwana engena emshadweni. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwempahla ngayinye. Ngokuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla eziyimpahla ehlukene, abantu bangavikela izintshisekelo zabo zezezimali futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zabo zabiwa ngokuvumelana nezifiso zabo. Ukwengeza, ama-prenups angasiza ekuvimbeleni izimpi zezomthetho ezibizayo nezikhathazayo ngokomzwelo ngokuhlukaniswa kwempahla, kunikeze umuzwa wokulondeka nokuthula kwengqondo.
Enye inzuzo yezivumelwano ngaphambi komshado ikhono lazo lokukhuthaza ukukhulumisana ngokukhululekile ngezindaba zezezimali. Ngokuxoxisana nokuxoxisana ngemibandela ye-prenup, imibhangqwana ikhuthazwa ukuba ibe nezingxoxo ezithembekile mayelana nemigomo yayo yezezimali, lokho okulindelweyo, kanye nezinto ezibakhathazayo. Lokhu kungafihli kungaqinisa ubudlelwano futhi kubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokuthatha izinqumo ngezezimali emshadweni wonke.
Nokho, kukhona futhi izithiyo ezingaba khona okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado. Okunye okukhathazayo okuvamile ukuthi ukuxoxa nge-prenup kungase kudale ukungezwani noma ukungathembani phakathi kwabalingani. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ukwethulwa kwesivumelwano sangaphambi komshado kusho ukuntula ukuqiniseka ngokuphila isikhathi eside noma ukuzinza komshado. Kubalulekile ukuthi abashadile bakhulume nesihloko ngendlela ezwelayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bobabili abathintekayo bazizwa bekhululekile futhi behlonishwa kuyo yonke inqubo.
Ukwengeza, izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado zingase zingaphoqeleleki ezimweni ezithile. Uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi isivumelwano asilungile, sasayinwa ngaphansi kokucindezelwa, noma sephula imithetho yezwe, singase sithathwe njengesingasebenzi. Ukuze kuncishiswe lobu bungozi, kubalulekile ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi zifune iseluleko sezomthetho ezizimele futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi isivumelwano sibhalwa ngokuhambisana namazinga omthetho. Ngokuhlolisisa ubuhle nobubi, imibhangqwana ingenza isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nokuthi i-prenup ibafanele yini.
Ukunquma ukuthi isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado siwufanele yini umshado wakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zakho eziyingqayizivele nezinto eziza kuqala kuwe. Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukungafani kwezezimali phakathi kozakwethu. Uma uzakwethu oyedwa enezimpahla eziningi kakhulu noma imali engenayo kunomunye, i-prenup inganikeza ukuvikeleka nokungakhethi ekusabalaliseni impahla. Ukwengeza, abantu abanamabhizinisi omndeni noma amafa bangase bafise ukuvikela lezi zimpahla ekuhlukaneni okungase kube khona esahlukaniso.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo wukuba khona kwezingane ezivela ebudlelwaneni bangaphambili. Isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado singasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimpahla ezithile zigcinelwa lezi zingane, zinikeze ukucaca nokuthula kwengqondo kubo bonke abathintekayo. Imibhangqwana enamaphothifoliyo ezezimali ayinkimbinkimbi noma izikweletu ezinkulu ingase futhi izuze ku-prenup, njengoba ingachaza izibopho zokukhokha isikweletu nokuphathwa kwempahla.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ucabangele amanani akho omuntu siqu kanye namandla obudlelwano. Eminye imibhangqwana ingase ibheke isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado njengethuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlela izimali, kuyilapho abanye bengasibheka njengesingadingekile noma esiphambene nezinkolelo zabo ngomshado. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nokuqondana kubalulekile lapho kuxoxwa ngokuthi kungenzeka kube ne-prenup. Bobabili abalingani kufanele bazizwe bekhululekile ukuveza okubakhathazayo nalokho abakuthandayo, futhi isinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokubambisana.
Ekugcineni, isinqumo sokuphishekela isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado kufanele sisekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwesimo sakho sezezimali, imigomo yobudlelwano, kanye namagugu omuntu siqu. Ngokukhuluma nesihloko ngomqondo ovulekile kanye nokufuna iseluleko sochwepheshe bezomthetho, imibhangqwana ingakwazi ukunquma ukuthi i-prenup iyahambisana yini nezidingo zabo kanye nezifiso zomshado wabo.
Nakuba izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado zingase zingafaneleki kuwo wonke umbhangqwana, zinikeza ithuluzi elibalulekile kulabo abafuna ukucacisa okulindelwe ngokwezezimali nokuvikela izintshisekelo zabo. Ngokuqonda izingxenye, izinzuzo, kanye nezihibe ezingaba khona ze-prenup, imibhangqwana ingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nezimo zabo ezihlukile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ukwenza isivumelwano ngaphambi komshado noma cha, ukukhulumisana ngokukhululekile nokuhloniphana kuyohlala kuyizinsika ezibalulekile zomshado ophumelelayo nonobunye.
Isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado siyinkontileka esemthethweni eyenziwa umbhangqwana ngaphambi komshado, echaza ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla, izikweletu, kanye nezibopho uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso noma ukufa.
Imibhangqwana isebenzisa izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado ukuze ivikele impahla ngayinye, icacise okulindeleke ngokwezezimali, futhi ivimbele izingxabano ezingaba khona uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso noma ukufa.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpahla nezikweletu, ukunqunywa kosekelo lomlingani, amalungiselelo ezinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo, nezindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano.
Cha, izivumelwano zangaphambi komshado ziya ngokuya zithandwa phakathi kwemibhangqwana evela ezizindeni ezihlukene zezimali, hhayi nje abacebile.
Ichaza ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla eziyimpahla ehlukene nokuthi iziphi impahla yomshado, ivimbela izingxabano ngokuhlukaniswa kwempahla uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso.
Yebo, i-prenup ingacacisa ukuthi noma yiliphi iqembu lizothola ukwesekwa komlingani (i-alimony) uma kwenzeka isehlukaniso, kanye nenani nesikhathi salokho kusekelwa.
Yebo, i-prenup ingaqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zigcinelwa izingane ezivela ebudlelwaneni bangaphambilini, kubhekwane nezinkinga zefa.
Ulwazi olunikezwe lungolwezinjongo zolwazi nezemfundo kuphela futhi lungase lungabi olunembile. Lolu lwazi aluthathi indawo yokuthola iseluleko sezomthetho kummeli oqeqeshiwe nosebenzayo. Uma ubhekene nenkinga yezomthetho, kufanele wenze i-aphoyintimenti bese uthintana nomunye wabameli bethu abanelayisensi nabasebenzayo.
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