Criminal Law
Isikhathi Sokufunda
UKUFUNDA NGEMZUZU EYI-4
Cabanga uhamba emgwaqweni lapho iphoyisa likubopha ngokuzumayo. Kulesi sikhathi esibucayi nesicindezelayo, uyawazi amalungelo akho ayisisekelo uma uboshwa ngamaphoyisa aseCanada ukuze uzivikele kahle ngaphansi komthetho?
Ngaphansi komthethosisekelo waseCanada, awusoze waba namandla okuzivikela ezenzweni zokuphoqelela umthetho. Ake sibukeze ukuvikelwa kwakho okuyisisekelo kwezomthetho sisebenzisa izimiso zomthetho eziqondile kanye nezinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme eziholayo ukuze zikuqondise ohlelweni.
Isigaba 9 soMthethosisekelo Canadian Charter of rights and Freedoms isho ngokusobala ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokungaboshwa noma ukuboshwa ngokungemthetho. Izikhulu zomthetho kumele zibe nezizathu zomthetho eziqondile ngaphambi kokuba zinciphise inkululeko yakho ngokomthetho.
Uma amaphoyisa ekumisa, iSigaba 10(a) soMthethosisekelo sibanika umsebenzi osemthethweni wokukwazisa ngezizathu. Unelungelo lokwazi kahle ukuthi kungani uboshwe ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula ngokufanele ophenyweni oluqhubekayo.
Uma uboshwa ngamaphoyisa aseCanada, iSigaba 10(b) soMthetho sisebenza ngokushesha, okukunikeza ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokugcina nokufundisa umeluleki ngaphandle kokulibala. Amaphoyisa anesibopho ngokomthetho sokukunikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo ezinombolweni zocingo zomeluleki osebenzayo noma izinsizakalo zosizo lwezomthetho zamahhala.
Kuze kube yilapho usuxhumane nommeli wokuvikela ubugebengu, unelungelo legolide lokuthula elisekelwe ngokuqinile kuSigaba 7 soMthethosisekelo. Awunaso nhlobo isibopho esingokomthetho sokuphendula imibuzo yamaphoyisa, ukunikeza izitatimende, noma ukwakha ubufakazi obukumangalelayo ngengozi.
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile yomphakathi, ukucabanga okuyisisekelo kohlelo lobulungiswa bobugebengu baseCanada kusiza kakhulu ukukhululwa kwakho ngokushesha esitokisini. Ngaphansi kweSigaba 493.1 soMthethosisekelo Ikhodi Yobugebengu yaseCanada, eyaziwa nangokuthi isimiso sokuzibamba, izinkantolo kumele zibeke phambili ukukhululwa kokuqala.
Izahlulelo Eziphawulekayo ZeNkantolo Ephakeme YaseCanada, ezifana R. v. Antic futhi R. v. Zora, kugcizelela ngokuqinile ukuthi inkululeko engenamibandela yisimo esizenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSigaba 493.2 sigunyaza ukuthi izinkantolo kumele zicabangele ngqo izimo ezihlukile zabantu abasolwayo bomdabu noma abantu abasengozini ngesikhathi sokunqunywa kwebheyili.
Uma amaphoyisa ekhetha ukungakukhululi ngokushesha, kumele akulethe phambi kwejaji noma ijaji zingakapheli amahora angama-24. Le nqubo yokwahlulela yaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi yi-Show Cause noma i-bail hearing, elawulwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kweSigaba 515 se-Criminal Code, okwenza kube yisigaba esibucayi ngemuva kokuboshwa ngamaphoyisa aseCanada.
Phakathi nalokhu kuqulwa kwecala, umshushisi wesifundazwe uthwele umthwalo onzima wezomthetho wokufakazela ukuthi kungani ukuqhubeka kwakho uboshwe kufanele. Ngaphansi kweSigaba 515(10), umshushisi angakwenqaba kuphela ukukhululwa kwakho ngokusekelwe ezizathwini ezintathu eziqondile nezincane zomthetho:
Ingozi yokuthi ummangalelwa uzobaleka endaweni yokwahlulela noma ahluleke ukuya enkantolo ezinsukwini ezizayo.
Ukuvikelwa noma ukuphepha komphakathi, okuhlanganisa namathuba amakhulu okuphinda uphule umthetho noma ukuphazamisa ubulungiswa.
Ukugcina ukwethembana komphakathi ekuphathweni kobulungiswa, ngokuvamile okugcinelwe amacala obugebengu angathi sína noma anobudlova.
Esinye isivikelo esibalulekile somthethosisekelo sikhona ngaphansi kweSigaba 530 seKhodi Yobugebengu mayelana nokukhetha kwakho ulimi olusemthethweni lokuqulwa kwecala. Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yaseCanada esingokomlando e- R. v. Tayo Tompouba iqinisekisa ukuthi izinkantolo kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi uyakuqonda ngokugcwele lokhu kukhetha.
Uma ijaji eliphethe icala linokungabaza okuncane kakhulu ukuthi uyaliqonda ngokugcwele ilungelo lakho lokuqulwa kwecala ngesiNgisi noma ngesiFulentshi, inqubo iyayeka. Uhlelo lwezobulungiswa lufuna ukucaciswa kolimi okuphelele ngaphambi kokuvumela noma yikuphi ukushushiswa kobugebengu ukuthi kuqhubeke ngokumelene nesakhamuzi esisolwayo.
Uma uxhumana namaphoyisa, hlala uzolile ngokuphelele, unenhlonipho, futhi ubambisane, kodwa ume ngokuqinile maqondana namalungelo akho omthethosisekelo. Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho udinga ukumelwa ngokomthetho, xhumana nethimba lezomthetho elizinikele ku- Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Pax Law Corporation ngokushesha ukuze uthole usizo.
Unelungelo lokwaziswa ngokushesha ngezizathu zokuboshwa kwakho ngaphansi kweSigaba 10(a) soMthethosisekelo.
Kuyicala lebheyili elibanjwa zingakapheli amahora angama-24 lapho iKhomishini kumele ithethelele ukukugcina uboshiwe.
Cha, iSigaba 7 soMthethosisekelo sikunikeza ilungelo lokuthula, okusho ukuthi akudingeki uphendule imibuzo.
Ulwazi olunikezwe lungolwezinjongo zolwazi nezemfundo kuphela futhi lungase lungabi olunembile. Lolu lwazi aluthathi indawo yokuthola iseluleko sezomthetho kummeli oqeqeshiwe nosebenzayo. Uma ubhekene nenkinga yezomthetho, kufanele wenze i-aphoyintimenti bese uthintana nomunye wabameli bethu abanelayisensi nabasebenzayo.
Ubhekene necala lokuhlasela noma ufuna ukucaciselwa ngomthetho wobugebengu waseCanada? Thola ukuthi yini equkethwe ngokomthetho ukuhlasela okulula ngaphansi kweSigaba 266 seKhodi Yobugebengu yaseCanada, ukuthi iKhomishini ifakazela kanjani amandla noma izinsongo ngaphandle kwemvumelwano, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuzivikela zomthetho ezisebenzayo.
Ukubhekana necala lokuhlasela kwasekhaya leSigaba 266 eCanada kubangela izingozi zomthetho ezisheshayo—kusukela ekuqulweni kwecala lebheyili elibhekene nomthwalo ophansi kuya kurekhodi lobugebengu elihlala njalo kanye nezinkinga zokufuduka. Funda ukuthi ukhetho olufingqiwe lusebenza kanjani uma luqhathaniswa nokhetho olunecala, yiziphi izinhlawulo ezisebenzayo, nokuthi ukuxoshwa kuthinta kanjani irekhodi lakho.
Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho uboshiwe eCanada, ungase wesabe ukuxoshwa ngokushesha. Kodwa ingabe ukuboshwa kubangela ukuxoshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo? Thola ukuthi umthetho waseCanada wokufuduka uhlukanisa kanjani ukuboshwa nomyalelo wokususwa ophoqelelwayo.
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