Mutemo weMhuri neKurambana
Kuverenga Nguva
KUVERENGA KWEMAMINITI 6
Kurambana kweVachena muCanada zvinoreva kuparadzana pamutemo kana kurambana kwevakaroorana vane makore makumi mashanu zvichikwira, zvinowanzoitika mushure mekuroorana kwenguva refu kwemakore makumi maviri, makumi matatu, kana kupfuura. Kunyange zvazvo zvikonzero zvepamutemo zvekugumisa muchato zvichiri zvakafanana pasi pemutemo weCanada pasinei nezera, kurambana kusina kunaka kunosanganisira matambudziko akaomarara emutemo nemari, kusanganisira kugoverwa kwezvirongwa zvepensheni zvakaunganidzwa, kuenzana kwepfuma kwenguva refu, rutsigiro rwemhuri rusingaperi, uye zvirongwa zvekuronga pamudyandigere.
At Iyo kambani Pax Law Corporation, kubvunza gweta rine ruzivo rwekurambana muCanada kunobatsira vatengi kuti vanzwisise chokwadi chepamutemo chekuparara kwewanano dzevakwegura kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti hupfumi hwakaenzana uye kuchengetedzeka kwenguva refu.
Kunyange zvazvo vakaroorana vadiki vachiparadzana vachinyanya kutarisa pakuchengeta vana uye kuita sarudzo, vakaroorana vakwegura vanosangana nemamiriro akasiyana ezvehupfumi nemutemo:
| Kufunga Nezvemutemo Nezvemari | Kurambana Kwakajairika (Vari Pasi Pemakore 50) | Kurambana kweGrey (50+) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Focus | Zvirongwa zvekurera vana, kukura kwebasa, rutsigiro rwenguva pfupi. | Kuongororwa kwemari yepension, kugoverwa kwemidziyo, kuchengetedzwa kwemari yepension. |
| Nguva Yekutsigirana Kwemurume Nemukadzi | Kazhinji inguva shoma kana kuti inochinja-chinja. | Kazhinji hazvigari zvakavakirwa pakuvimbana kwenguva refu. |
| Kugona Kuwana Mari | Mikana yakakura yekupora pabasa uye kuzviriritira. | Nguva shoma kana mukana wekugadzirisa zvakare mari yekurega basa. |
| Zvirongwa zvePensheni & Mari Inowanikwa | Kuunganidzwa kwekutanga. | Mapenjeni akura, maRRSP, maLIRA, uye maLIF anoda kugoverwa kwakanyatsojeka. |
Mumutemo weCanada, kuwana gwaro rekurambana kunotongwa nehurumende yenyika Mutemo weKurambana (RSC, 1985, c. 3 (Chipiri))Chikonzero chega chekurambana kuparara kwemuchato, chakasimbiswa pasi pechikamu 8(2) kunyanya nevakaroorana vanogara vakaparadzana uye vakaparadzana kweinenge gore rimwe chete:
"Dare rine simba rinogona, kana mumwe wevaviri kana vaviri vacho vakanyorera chikumbiro, kupa mvumo yekurambana kune mumwe wavo kana vaviri vacho nechikonzero chekuti muchato wavo waparara."
Kunyange zvazvo mutemo wenyika uchibvumidza kurambana uye uchiraira nheyo dzekutsigirana kwevakaroorana, kugovaniswa kwepfuma nemapensheni kunonyanya kuwira pasi pesimba redunhu.
MuOntario, chikamu chepfuma chinotongwa ne Mutemo weMutemo weMhuri, RSO 1990, c. F.3Chikamu 5(1) chinosimbisa chinodiwa chekuenzana kweNet Family Property (NFP):
"Kana kurambana kwabvumidzwa kana muchato ukanzi hauna basa, kana kuti kana vaviri vakaparadzana uye pasina mukana wekuti vacharamba vachigara pamwe chete, mukadzi ane pfuma yemhuri iri pasi pemidziyo miviri yemhuri ane kodzero yekuwana mutsauko wehafu yemusiyano pakati pavo."
Chinangwa chemutemo chakajeka pasi pechikamu 5(7) ndechekuona hukama hwevakaroorana semupiro wakaenzana wekuchengetwa kwevana, manejimendi yemhuri, uye kupihwa kwemari. Kodzero dzepenjeni dzakaunganidzwa panguva yemuchato dzinoumba chikamu chikuru chekuverenga kweNFP pasi peChikamu 4 neChikamu 10.1, zvichibvumira kuendeswa zvakananga kubva kumapurani epenjeni kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nemutemo wemhuri.
MuBritish Columbia, Mutemo weMutemo weMhuri, SBC 2011, c. 25 inotonga pfuma nekugovaniswa kwezvikwereti. Pasi pechikamu 81, vakaroorana vanofungidzirwa kuti vane kodzero yekuwana mubereko usina kugoverwa muzvikamu zvese zvemhuri, kusanganisira penjeni, mari dzeannuities, uye hurongwa hwekuchengetedza mari yekurega basa (RRSPs, LIRAs, uye LIFs).
Pasi pechikamu 95, matare anogona kuraira kugovaniswa kwepfuma kusina kuenzana chete kana kugovaniswa kwakaenzana kuchizoitwa. "Kusaruramisira zvakanyanya." Muganho wekusimbisa kusaruramisira kwakakosha wakakwira. Semuenzaniso, mu Dietz v DietzMuna 2024 BCSC 1750, dare rakagovanisa mari yemudyandigere yeAir Canada neCPP zvakaenzana mushure mekuroorana kwemakore makumi mana, asi rakaraira kuti pave nekupatsanurwa kweRRSPs kusina kuenzana nekuti mumwe wevakaroorana naye akabvisa mari yake mushure mekuparadzana asi mumwe akaramba aine yake.
Kusarudzwa kwerutsigiro rwevakaroorana muwanano refu kunoenderana nezvinangwa zvemutemo pasi pechikamu 15.2(4) ne (6) cheMutemo weKurambana, zvichienzanisa urefu hwekugara pamwe chete, zvakanakira hupfumi kana zvakaipa zvinobva muwanano, uye kuzviriritira mune zvemari.
Dare Repamusorosoro reCanada rakagadzira hurongwa hwekutsigira hwaro muzvisarudzo zviviri zvinokosha:
Zvisarudzo zvekukwirira zvinogara zvichitsigira rutsigiro rwenguva refu kana rusingaperi mushure mekuroorana kwenguva refu. Parton v. Parton, 2018 BCCA 273, dare rakataura kuti vakaroorana vanoparadzana mushure memakore makumi matatu nematatu ekuroorana havafanirwe kutarisana nekurega basa vaine zvinzvimbo zvemari zvakasiyana zvachose. Saizvozvowo, mu Eldridge v. Eldridge, 2024 BCCA 21, dare rakasimbisa kuti zvisungo zvekutsigira hazvigone kugumiswa nguva isati yakwana zvichienderana nemazuva ekufungidzira ekurega basa remangwana usati warega basa chairo.
Pasi peGwaro reMazano eRutsigiro rweMudzimai (SSAG), "Mutemo we65" Izvi zvinoshanda kana zera remurume kana mukadzi anogamuchira panguva yekuparadzana pamwe nemakore ekugara pamwe chete akaenzana kana kupfuura makore 65. Kana mutemo uyu ukazadzikiswa, zvinoita kuti pave nepfungwa yepamutemo yekuti rutsigiro rwemuwanano runofanira kupihwa kwenguva isingazivikanwi.
Sezvakasimbiswa mu Ludwig v. Ludwig, 2026 BCSC 418, Mutemo we65 unotarisa chokwadi chevakaroorana vakwegura vakaramba vachivimba nemari panguva yekuroorana uye vanosangana nematambudziko makuru ekuwana kuzviriritira gare gare muhupenyu.
Dambudziko guru muGray Divorce muCanada nderekudzivirira "kudip kaviri" - uko penjeni inotanga yapihwa mari yayo yogovaniswa sepfuma yemhuri, yozoonekwa semari inowanikwa pakuverenga mari yekutsigirana kwemurume nemukadzi.
In Boston v. Boston, 2001 SCC 43, Dare Repamusorosoro reCanada rakatonga kuti kunyange zvazvo kudzoserwa kaviri kuchifanira kudzivirirwa, zvinobvumirwa kana matambudziko ehupfumi anoramba aripo, muripi anokwanisa kubhadhara, uye muripo wacho akaita zvese zvaanogona kuti awane mari kubva muchikamu chavo chakaenzana. Dare Repamusorosoro reBC rakasimbisazve musimboti uyu mu Raschpichler v. Raschpichler, 2024 BCCA 94, vachitsigira mari yekutsigira apo penjeni yaingogovaniswa zvishoma kana kuti apo zvinangwa zvekutsigira zvinoramba zvichikosha.
Nheyo dzemutemo dzematunhu (dzakadai sekuenzanisa muOntario kana 50/50 division muBC) dzinoshanda zvakaenzana kumazera ese. Zvisinei, kupatsanurwa kwepfuma yekurambana kwevasina kurongeka kunosanganisira kuyera kwakaoma kwezvinhu zvakaunganidzwa kwenguva refu, mapensheni, uye mari yekuchengetedza pamudyandigere.
Ehe. Mari yepenjeni inowanikwa panguva yemuchato inorongwa sepfuma yemhuri pasi pemitemo yedunhu (yakadai seBC's Family Law Act neOntario's Family Law Act) uye inogona kuverengerwa kukosha kwayo nekugovaniswa kana kuchinjirwa mari yacho.
Muroorani anobhadhara haagoni kurega kubhadhara mari yekutsigira mumwe wake kana asvika zera rekugara pamudyandigere. Sezvakasimbiswa muEldridge v. Eldridge, mitoro yekutsigira inowanzoenderera mberi kusvika pamudyandigere chaiwo waitika, panguva iyo chikumbiro chekuchinjana chinogona kudiwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emari akachinja.
Mutemo we65 igwara riri pasi peSSAG rinotanga kana zera remurume/mukadzi anogamuchira pamwe nehurefu hwemuchato hwakaenzana nemakore 65 kana kupfuura (nekuda kwemakore mashanu ekuroorana). Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nepfungwa yekuti pane rutsigiro rwemurume/mukadzi rusingaperi.
Ruzivo rwuripo nderweruzivo nedzidzo chete uye runogona kunge rusiri rwechokwadi. Ruzivo urwu harutsivi kuwana mazano emutemo kubva kugweta rine hunyanzvi uye rinoshanda. Kana uri kusangana nedambudziko remutemo, unofanirwa kuronga musangano uye kubvunza mumwe wemagweta edu ane rezinesi uye anoshanda.
Kunyora chikamu muchibvumirano chenyu chekubvisa zvachose mari yekuchengeta mwana usati waroorana ndechimwe chezvikanganiso zvine njodzi huru mumutemo wemhuri wekuCanada. Dzidza kuti sei matare edzimhosva achigara achibvisa zvikamu izvi uye kuti anganyora sei zvikamu zvinokwanisa kunyatsoongororwa.
Dare remhuri reCanada rinokoshesa chii panguva yekukakavadzana nezvekuchengetwa kwemwana? Tsvaga zvinhu chaizvo zviri pamutemo uye bvunzo dzepamutemo dzinobata marongero ekurera vana, kutamiswa kwevana, uye kuchengetedzeka.
Mudzimai anowana hafu yezvinhu zvese here kana murume nemukadzi varambana muCanada? Heino nzira iyo mitemo yenyika, mitemo yepfuma yedunhu, uye zvakamboitwa neDare Repamusorosoro zvinotonga mari yekutsigirana kwemurume nemukadzi, mari yepensheni, uye zvikwereti zvemhuri.
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