Kodi Mungalembetse PRRA Popanda Chidziwitso kuchokera ku Canada Immigration?

Monga lamulo la anthu osamukira kudziko lina ku Canada, simungayambe pempho losapemphedwa kapena losayembekezereka la Pre-Removal Risk Assessment (PRRA) popanda kulandira chidziwitso chovomerezeka kuchokera ku Dipatimenti (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada / Canada Border Services Agency). Mu mawu a boma la Canada, chikalatachi si "chiitano," koma chovomerezeka. zidziwitso kulangiza munthu za mwayi wake wopempha chitetezo. Motsatira Gawo 160(1) la Malamulo oyendetsera anthu othawa kwawo komanso chitetezo cha anthu othawa kwawo (SOR/2002-227), munthu akhoza kutumiza fomu yopempha chitetezo pokhapokha atadziwitsidwa mwalamulo ndi Dipatimenti za zimenezo.

Chofunikira Palamulo: Chidziwitso Pansi pa Gawo 160(1) la IRPR

Ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito za PRRA ndi yokhwima. Gawo 160(1) la Malamulo oyendetsera anthu othawa kwawo komanso chitetezo cha anthu othawa kwawo (IRPR), SOR/2002-227, ikunena momveka bwino kuti "Munthu akhoza kufunsira chitetezo atalandira chidziwitso kuchokera ku Dipatimenti."

Kutumiza fomu yosayembekezeredwa musanapereke chidziwitsochi nthawi zambiri sikuthandiza. Mukamayang'ana zoopsa ndi zovuta za njira, funsani katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito. loya wothawa kwawo ku Canada imaonetsetsa kuti ufulu wanu ukutetezedwa motsatira malamulo, chifukwa Dipatimenti sidzavomereza kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kuyang'ana zomwe simunapemphe popanda njira yovomerezeka yoyendetsera ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera momwe munthu aliyense alili komanso chifukwa chosaloledwa, olembetsa ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwirira ntchito powunikiranso kusiyana pakati pa PRRA Yoletsedwa ndi PRRA Yachizolowezi motsatira lamulo la anthu osamukira ku Canada.

Khoti la Federal Jurisprudence: Asfaw ndi Munoz

Khoti la Federal ku Canada latsimikizira mobwerezabwereza kufunika kodziwitsa anthu za PRRA asananene kuti munthu amene akufuna kulembetsa ayenera kulandira chilolezo chovomerezeka:

• Asfaw v. Canada (Unzika ndi Kusamukira kudziko lina), 2016 FC 366 (ndime 11, 19): Khoti la Federal linatsimikiza kuti pempho lomwe laperekedwa asanadziwitsidwe silinali loyenera kwa wopanga chisankho. Khotilo linagamula kuti wopemphayo "alibe ufulu wokha wokhala ndi PRRA" ndipo alibe udindo wovomerezeka wokakamiza Dipatimentiyo kupereka chidziwitso cha PRRA ngati akufuna.
• Munoz v. Canada (Kuteteza Anthu ndi Kukonzekera Zadzidzidzi), 2025 FC: Khoti la Federal linanena kuti palibe chidziwitso chovomerezeka, ndipo linaona kuti palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti pempho lililonse la PRRA “linaperekedwa bwino, lalandiridwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito” popanda kutsatira njira zovomerezeka.

Zosiyana ndi Malamulo pa Zofunikira pa Chidziwitso

The Malamulo oyendetsera anthu othawa kwawo komanso chitetezo cha anthu othawa kwawo fotokozani zosiyana ziwiri zocheperako zomwe zili mu malamulo malinga ndi magawo 160(2), 165, ndi 166 pomwe pempho lingapangidwe popanda kuyembekezera chidziwitso chatsopano:

1. Ma Applications Otsatira a PRRA (Gawo 165): Ngati PRRA ya wopemphayo inakanidwa ndipo akukhalabe ku Canada, akhoza kutumiza fomu yotsatira motsatira Gawo 165 popanda kupatsidwa chidziwitso chatsopano. Komabe, kutumiza motsatira lamuloli kumachita osati kuyimitsa yokha kapena kuyimitsa lamulo lochotsa munthu lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
2. Malamulo Ochotsera Anthu Omwe Amaperekedwa Padoko Lolowera (Gawo 166): Pamene lamulo lochotsa munthu laperekedwa mwachindunji pamalo olowera, Gawo 166 likunena kuti pempho la chitetezo liyenera kulandiridwa “mwamsanga lamulo lochotsa munthu litaperekedwa.” Pazochitika izi, chidziwitso cholembedwa sichifunika.

Zofunikira Zoyenera Kutsatira ndi Nthawi Yovomerezeka (Gawo 112 la IRPA)

Kungokhala pansi pa lamulo lochotsa munthu sikutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli. Gawo 112(1) la lamuloli Immigration and Refugee Act Act (IRPA) imanena kuti PRRA imagwira ntchito kwa munthu ku Canada amene ali ndi lamulo lochotsa munthu m'dzikolo lomwe likugwira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yodikira yovomerezeka ndi zoletsa zovomerezeka motsatira Gawo 112(2) la IRPA zitha kuletsa pempho kuti lisaperekedwe, kuphatikizapo:

• Bar ya Miyezi 12: Nthawi yodikira yokakamiza ya miyezi 12 pazochitika zinazake munthu asanayenerere mwalamulo kupereka PRRA.
• Bar ya Miyezi 36: Nthawi yodikira mpaka miyezi 36 kwa nzika za mayiko osankhidwa.

Nthawi Yomaliza Yokhwima ndi Kuyimitsa Kwalamulo kwa Kuchotsedwa (Gawo 162 ndi 163)

Chidziwitso chikaperekedwa mwalamulo, kutsatira nthawi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ndikofunikira kwambiri pankhani yoyimitsa njira yochotsera anthu:

• Fomu Yofunsira Yolandiridwa Mkati mwa Masiku 15 (Gawo 162): Ngati pempho la PRRA lalandiridwa mkati mwa masiku 15 kuchokera pamene chidziwitsocho chaperekedwa, malamulo oletsa kuchotsa anthu omwe achotsedwa pansi pa Gawo 162 amagwira ntchito, zomwe zimayimitsa kwakanthawi kuchotsedwa kwawo pamene kuwunikaku kukuchitika.
• Fomu Yofunsira Yolandiridwa Patatha Masiku 15 (Gawo 163): Malinga ndi Gawo 163, pempho loperekedwa pambuyo pa masiku 15 limatha osati kuyimitsa kapena kuyimitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo lochotsa.

Chidule: Malamulo a Chidziwitso cha PRRA ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ)

Kuti mupeze malangizo azamalamulo okhudza malamulo ochotsa anthu m'dzikolo komanso njira zodzitetezera, funsani gulu la zamalamulo ku Malingaliro a kampani Pax Law Corporation.