Te Kore Whakaaetia me te Ratonga Whakahau a te IRGC: Te Tiaki i te Wāhanga 34 IRPA PFLs

1. Whakarāpopototanga Whakahaere me te Anga Ture

I raro i te Ture Manene me te Tiaki Rerenga (IRPA), ko te kore whakaae e ahu mai ana i te haumarutanga tetahi o ngā arai tino kino mō ngā tāngata whenua ke me ngā kainoho tuturu e rapu ana i te urunga, i te tūnga rānei ki Kanata. I ngā tau tata nei, ko ngā tāngata i whakaoti i te ratonga hōia ā-ture (Sarbazi) i roto i a Īrāna, ā, i tukuna matapōkeretia, i tukuna rānei ki te Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC / Sepah-e-Pasdaran Enghelab Islami) kua pāngia e ngā whakapae whānui mō te kore whakaaetia i raro i wāhanga 34(1)(c) a wāhanga 34(1)(f) o te IRPA.

Ko tētahi whakaaro hē e kitea whānuitia ana i waenga i ngā kaitono, nā te mea he mea whakahau te ture mō te mahi hōia ki Īrāna, ka whakawātea aunoa a Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) i te mahi a te IRGC. Kāore te mahi hōia ā-ture e whakakore aunoa i te mōrearea o te kore whakaaetia mō te haumarutanga.

I ngā wā i puta ai te mahi i roto i te IRGC, he maha ngā wā ka kīia e ngā āpiha o te IRCC kāore e whakaaetia i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(f) i runga i te "mema" i roto i tētahi hinonga kaiwhakatuma kua whakarārangihia, ahakoa i mahi, i āwhina rānei te kaitono i tētahi mahi tutu.

Heoi anō, e rua ngā mātāpono ture nui e whakatūria ana e te ture o Kānata:

1. Ko te mahi hōia ā-ture anake, me te kore he taunakitanga mō te whai wāhi takitahi me te hiahia motuhake, kāore e whakatū i te mahi whakamataku whaiaro i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(c).
2. Ko te mahi pono i akiakihia—ina mahi te tangata i raro i te akiaki me te tiaki i a ia anō—ehara i te "mema" ture i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(f).

Ko te tiaki i tētahi Reta Tikanga Tikanga (PFL) e whakapae ana i te kore whakaaetia e ahu mai ana i te IRGC me whai rautaki whai taunakitanga e mau ana i roto i ngā ture whakahaere me ngā ture manene o Kanata. Kua whakaritea e Pax Law Corporation tēnei aratohu ture whānui hei tātari i te anga ture, hei wetewete i ngā tauira o te Kōti Matua me te Kōti Pīra o Kanata, me te whakaahua i ngā whakaritenga taunakitanga tika e hiahiatia ana hei tiaki i tō tūnga manene o Kanata.

2. Te wetewete i te wāhanga 34(1)(c) (Te Whakauru ki te Whakamataku) me te wāhanga 34(1)(f) (Te Mema)

Hei hanga i tētahi parepare whai hua mō tētahi Reta Tikanga Tikanga (PFL), me wehewehe te tangata i waenga i ngā take ture kua whakatakotoria i raro i te Wāhanga 34(1) o te IRPA:

Wāhanga 34(1) Te Kore e whakaaetia mō te Haumarutanga:
Kāore e whakaaetia te tangata noho tuturu, te tangata whenua ke rānei ki konei nā runga i ngā take haumaru mō:

• (c) te whai wāhi atu ki te mahi whakamataku;
• (f) he mema nō tētahi whakahaere e whakaponohia ana he whai take tika hei whakauru, kua whai wāhi, ka whai wāhi rānei ki ngā mahi kua whakahuatia i roto i te pararāfu (a), (b), (b.1) (c rānei).

I raro i Wāhanga 33 o te IRPA, ko te paepae taunakitanga e whakamahia ana puta noa i te Wāhanga 34 ko "ngā take whaitake hei whakapono". Kua tautuhia e te Kōti Matua o Kanata ngā "take whaitake hei whakapono" hei mea e hiahiatia ana he mea nui atu i te whakapae noa, engari he iti iho i te paerewa ā-iwi mō te taurite o ngā tūponotanga. Kei te noho tēnei ina he whakapono pono kei te noho ngā meka i runga i ngā taunakitanga pono.

2.1 Wāhanga 34(1)(c): Ngā Whakaritenga mō te Whanoke Whaiaro me te Hiahia Motuhake

Ko te Wāhanga 34(1)(c) e aro nui ana ki ngā mahi a te kaitono ngā mahi takitahiKāore e taea e te IRCC te whakatū i te korenga e whakaaetia i raro i te pararāfu (c) mā te kī noa i noho te kaitono ki roto i tētahi whakahaere, i mahi rānei i roto.

Ko te whakamāramatanga ture o te whakatuma i roto i te ture manene o Kanata i ahu mai i te whakataunga nui a te Hupirimi Kōti o Kanata i te Suresh v. Kānata (Minita mō ngā Take Tangata Whenua me te Manene), 2002 SCC 1. I whakamāramahia e te Kōti Matua te whakatumatuma i te pararāfu 98 kia uru atu ki:

"...he mahi i whakaarohia hei whakamate, hei whara kino rānei i te tinana o tētahi tangata whenua, o tētahi atu tangata rānei kāore e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā pakanga i roto i tētahi pakanga mau pū, ina ko te kaupapa o taua mahi, i runga i tōna āhua, i tōna horopaki rānei, he whakamataku i te taupori, he akiaki rānei i tētahi kāwanatanga, i tētahi whakahaere o te ao rānei kia mahi, kia kaua rānei e mahi i tētahi mahi."

In Foisal v. Kānata (Tūranga Tangata Whenua me te Manene), 2021 FC 404, i whakamārama te Kōti Matua i te mea nui tane rea (āhua hinengaro) e hiahiatia ana mō te pararāfu (c):

• He mea whakahau te Whāinga Motuhake: Ka "uru noa te tangata, te whakahaere rānei ki te mahi whakamataku" i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(c) mēnā kei a rātou te hiahia motuhake ki te whakamate, ki te whara kino rānei (Foisal, i te para 14).
• Kāore e whakaaetia te mangere me te mangere: Kāore e taea e ngā āhuatanga whaiaro pēnei i te mangere, te mangere, te mōhio, te matapo āta rānei te whakakapi, te whakatutuki rānei i te whakaritenga ture mō te hiahia motuhake (Foisal, i te para 14).
• Te Tūkino me te Whakaaro: Kāore e taea te whakataurite i ngā mahi hōia, i te whai wāhi whānui rānei ki ngā pakanga ā-pūmau/tūkino ki te hiahia ki te whakamate, ki te whara kino rānei i ngā tāngata whenua mō tētahi kaupapa akiaki (Foisal, i te para 17).

Rautaki Matua mō ngā Whakautu PFL: Me whakatū te whakautu a te PFL kāore e taea e te mahi hōia ā-ture te whakatutuki i te wāhanga 34(1)(c) mēnā kāore he taunakitanga e whakaatu ana ko te tangata i whakaritea, i whakatinanahia, i āwhinahia rānei e ia ngā mahi e pā ana ki ngā tāngata whenua te tangata i roto i te wā kotahi. Me whakamārama te whakautu i ngā mahi o ia rā a te kaitono, ā, me whakaū anō hoki (mēnā he pono) kāore te tangata i uru ki:

• Ngā whakaekenga ki ngā taupori ā-iwi, ki ngā kaiwhakahē rānei i te kāwanatanga;
• Te whainga, te pupuri, te uiui rānei i ngā tāngata whenua;
• Ngā mahi whakamamae, ngā whakamatenga pōturi, ngā kōhurutanga rānei i waho o te ture;
• Te putea mō ngā kaiwhakatuma, ngā mahi whakahaere mō ngā rōpū whakakapinga o tāwāhi, ngā whakawhiti patu rānei;
• Ngā mahi mōhiohio e aro ana ki ngā hōia ehara i te hunga whawhai o te whare, o tāwāhi rānei.

2.2 Wāhanga 34(1)(f): Te Mema me ngā Paepae Ture iti

He wero ture motuhake te Wāhanga 34(1)(f) nā te mea he whenua e hangai ana ki te mema. Kāore i rite ki te pararāfu (c), kāore te pararāfu (f) e hiahia ana kia whakamatau te IRCC i mahi, i āwhina, i whai wāhi rānei te kaitono takitahi ki ngā mahi whakamataku.

I whakatakotoria e te Kōti Pīra ā-Motu te whānuitanga o te wāhanga 34(1)(f) i roto i Kanagendren v. Kānata (Tūranga Tangata Whenua me te Manene), 2015 FCA 86. I whakatau te Kōti kāore te wāhanga 34(1)(f) e e kore e hiahiatia ana he tātaritanga mō te whakaurunga hara, kāore hoki e hiahiatia he taunakitanga he mema "pono" te tangata, he mema hohe rānei i whai wāhi nui ki ngā mahi hē a te whakahaere (Kanagendren, i te para 22).

I tua atu:

• He mema noa iho: Ka taea e te mema ngāwari, kore-tūkino te whakaoho i te pararāfu (f) ahakoa kāore te kaitono i uru atu, i tautoko rānei i te tūkino (MN v. Kānata (Haumaru ā-Iwi me te Whakarite mō ngā Āhuatanga Ohotata)(, 2019 FC 796, i te para 7).
• Kāore e hiahiatia he hononga rangitahi: I whakaūtia e te Kōti Pīra ā-Motu i roto i Najafi v. Kānata (Haumaru ā-Iwi me te Whakarite mō ngā Āhuatanga Ohotata), 2014 FCA 262 (i te para 101) kāore he herenga wā i roto i taua para (f). Kāore e whakaaetia te kaitono mēnā he mema ia nō tētahi whakahaere e mahi ana, kua whai wāhi atu, ranei ka whai wāhi atu i roto i te whakamataku.

Nō reira, ko te tautohe i oti i te kaitono tā rātou ratonga IRGC i mua i I whakaingoatia mana e Kanata te IRGC hei hinonga kaiwhakatuma i raro i te Ture Whakatūpato Waehere hara is e kore, i runga i tōna ake, he parenga ture katoa i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(f).

3. Te Pānga Ture o te Rārangi Hinonga IRGC

Kua whakarārangihia mana te Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps hei hinonga kaiwhakatuma i raro i te Ture Whakatūpato a te Ngā Ture Whakatū i tētahi Rārangi o ngā Hinonga i hangaia i raro i te Wāhanga 83.05 o te Waehere hara (RSC, 1985, c. C-46). E tohu mārama ana te ture i ēnei mea:

"Ihirama Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) (e mohiotia ana i etahi atu ingoa ko Pasdaran, Sepah, me Sepah-e-Pasdaran Enghelab Islami)."

3.1 Te Rārangi Hinonga me te Kore Whakaaetia o te Takitahi

Mā te rārangi o te IRGC ka whakamōhiotia e te ture kua tutuki te whakahaere i te paepae o tētahi rōpū kaiwhakatuma i raro i te ture taihara o Kanata. I roto i ngā tukanga whakahaere i raro i te IRPA, ka tutuki i tēnei rārangi te whakaritenga hei whakaatu i te Whakahaere uru atu ana, kua uru atu rānei ki te mahi whakatuma.

Heoi, Kāore te whakarārangitanga o tētahi hinonga e kī ana ko ia tangata kua tohua hei kaiwhakatuma whaiaro i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(c) me te mema tūao i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(f)Kei te IRCC te kawenga ki te whakatū ko te tangata whenua ke motuhake:

1. He "mema" ture nō taua hinonga kua whakarārangihia (kaua he hōia i raro i te mana o te ture); me/ranei
2. I uru atu ki ngā mahi whakakore i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(c).

3.2 Ngā Wehewehenga o te Hinonga Pakihi, te Hinonga Āpiti, me te Hinonga Hononga

I ngā wā maha, ka tohaina ngā hōia Iranian ki te mahi i ngā mahi i roto i ngā ope taua Iranian (Artesh), ngā kaupapa hanganga ā-iwi, ngā kamupene arumoni e whakahaerehia ana e te IRGC (pēnei i te Khatam al-Anbiya Construction Headquarters), ngā hinonga kāwanatanga hono rānei.

Ina ngana te IRCC ki te kī i te kore whakaaetia i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(f) i runga i te ratonga i roto i tētahi hinonga tuarua, i tētahi hinonga hono rānei, me whakatū e te āpiha he hononga taunakitanga e whakaatu ana he ōrite te hinonga iti me te IRGC i runga i te ture me te mahi.

In Seeniyan v. Kānata (Haumaru ā-Iwi me te Whakarite mō ngā Āhuatanga Ohotata), 2016 FC 956, i whakaputa te Kōti Matua i tētahi whakatūpato mārama e pā ana ki ngā māngai whakahaere:

"Me tino tupato i mua i te whakaaro ko te mema o tētahi whakahaere he tohu mō te mema o tētahi atu."Seeniyan, i te para 33)

Mena i oti i te kaitono tā rātou mahi i roto i tētahi hinonga motuhake mai i te hanganga hōia matua o te IRGC, me wero te whakautu a te PFL i te IRCC ki te whakarato i ngā pūtake pono me ngā taunakitanga e whakamārama ana he aha te ōrite ture o te mema o te hinonga iti ki te mema o te whakahaere kaiwhakatuma kua whakarārangihia.

4. Te Tātari i te Ture Whakahē: Vadiati v. Kānata

Me aro atu tetahi parenga ture pono ki tētahi PFL e tū ana i te IRGC ki ngā ture whakahē o nā tata nei, inā koa ko te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua i roto i Vadiati v. Canada (Te Raraunga me te Manene), 2025 FC 1859.

4.1 Ngā Kitenga Matua o Vadiati v. Kānata, 2025 FC 1859

In Vatiati, i whakaae te kaitono i a ia e tukatuka ana i tana mahi manene i mahi ia i roto i te wā whakahau e rua tau i roto i te IRGC. I tana whiwhinga i te PFL, i kī ia he whakahau tana mahi, ā, i mahia i raro i te ture.

I whakakorea e te Kōti Matua te arotake whakawā, me te tautoko i te whakataunga a te āpiha manene mō te kore whakaaetia i runga i ngā whakataunga matua e rua:

1. Ngā Whakaurunga Mema: I whakatau te Kōti, mēnā ka whakaae mārama te kaitono he mema ia nō tētahi whakahaere kua rārangihia, ka whai mana te āpiha ki te whakawhirinaki ki taua whakaae me te kore e whakahaere i tētahi tātaritanga tuarua whānui:

   "Ki te whakaae mai tētahi tangata i te tīmatanga he mema ia nō tētahi whakahaere, kāore he take e whakahaerehia ai te tātaritanga."Vatiati, i te para 21)

2. Paepae Teitei mō te Whakatoi: I tautohe te kaitono mā te whakakore i te ratonga ka arahi ki te mauherehere, ki ngā whiu pūtea, ki te whakaroa i te ratonga, me ngā here nui ki ngā tika tangata (pēnei i te aukati i te tiki uruwhenua, raihana taraiwa, mahi whaimana rānei). I tautoko te Kōti i te whakakorenga a te āpiha i te akiaki:

   "...kāore te kaitono i whakaatu ko ngā hua ka puta mai i te kore mahi i roto i te IRGC ... ka tutuki i te paepae teitei o te mōrearea o te mate, o te whara tinana rānei i roto i ngā take o te akiaki." (Vatiati, i te para 27)

4.2 He aha i kore ai e angitu ngā tautohe mō te māngai me te kore he horopaki taunakitanga

Vatiati e whakaatu ana i tētahi āhuatanga noa o te korenga i roto i ngā whakautu PFL kua whakaritea e koe: kāore e ranea i te ture te kī noa "he mea whakahau taku mahi hōia".

Hei wehewehe i te take a te kaitono mai i Vatiati, me mōhio te rōia ki tēnā Vatiati he whakataunga motuhake ki ngā meka i te taumata Kōti ā-Motu, ehara i te whakataunga here a te Kōti Pīra ā-Motu. He mea nui, Vatiati i rahua nā te mea kāore te rēkoata taunakitanga i mua i te āpiha i whakaatu i tētahi tūmomo mōrearea ki te ora, ki te whara tinana rānei, engari i whakawhirinaki kē ki ngā raruraru whakahaere me ngā raruraru ā-iwi.

5. Te Mema Whakahau me te Whakahau hei Parenga Whai Hua

Ahakoa Vatiati, he parenga ture tino whai hua tonu te mema ā-ture i roto i te ture manene o Kanata ina whakaritea tika i raro i ngā tauira piira here.

5.1 Mana Whakamana Piira: Gaytan a Rodriguez Anzola

Ko te ture taketake mō te hononga ā-ture i ahu mai i te Kōti Pīra ā-Motu i Kānata (Haumaru ā-Iwi me te Whakarite mō ngā Āhuatanga Ohotata) v. Gaytan, 2021 FCA 163. I tana kōrero mō te whānuitanga o te kore whakaaetia o te haumarutanga, i whakatūria e te Kaiwhakawā Mainville kāore te Paremata i te whakaaro ki te whiu i ngā tāngata i raro i te mana tūturu:

"...ahakoa te aroaro o te wāhanga 42.1, kāore te Paremata i whakaaro kia toro atu te mema ki te hunga i tohua ā-pūmautia e tētahi kaiwhakatuma, e tētahi whakahaere taihara rānei, ā, i mahi i ngā mahi e rite ana ki ngā whāinga o taua whakahaere i a rātou e tukinotia ana."Gaytan, i te para 79)

Te Kōti i roto i Gaytan i whakanui i te mea me wehewehe te akiaki tūturu mai i ngā kereme noa, kāore e whakatenatenahia ana, ina uru atu tētahi tangata ki tētahi whakahaere engari i muri mai ka tautohe he iti noa iho tā rātou mahi, kāore he tutu, he noho puku rānei (Gaytan, i te para 81).

I whakaūtia anō tēnei mātāpono e te Kōti Pīra ā-Motu i te Rodriguez Anzola v. Kānata (Tūranga Tangata Whenua me te Manene), 2026 FCA 90. I whakaū te Kōti ko te Gaytan e pā ana te kaupapa whakapono puta noa i te anga whānui o te kore whakaae:

"...kāore i taea te kī ko te mema ā-ture kia mau i raro i ngā wāhanga 34 me te 37 [o te IRPA] ā, ko te āture he herenga nui i roto i te anga kore whakaaetia."Rodriguez Anzola, i te para 64)

5.2 Te Whakamahinga Whaihua: Zigta a Kāpāri

E whakatauhia ana e te ture a te Kōti Matua ko ngā āpiha e arotake ana i ngā whakapae o te Wāhanga 34 me arotake e te ture te taumahatanga me ngā kereme mema:

• Zigta v. Kānata (Tūranga Tangata Whenua me te Manene), 2023 FC 93: I whakaū te Kōti Matua kāore e taea te wehewehe, te wareware rānei i te akiaki:

  "Me whai whakaaro ki ngā taunakitanga e pā ana ki te akiaki me ngā taunakitanga e pā ana ki te mema hei whakatau mēnā he mema tūturu te tangata nō te rōpū, he mea rānei nā te tiaki i a ia anō i akiaki."Zigta, i te para 36)
  "Kāore e taea te kī he mema te tangata nō tētahi rōpū ina he akiaki tana whai wāhi atu ki roto."Zigta, i te para 37)

• Ghaffari v. Kānata (Tūranga Tangata Whenua me te Manene), 2013 FC 674: Ina whakaputa te āpiha i tētahi whakataunga kāore e whakaaetia me te kore e tirotiro i ngā kōwhiringa tūturu e wātea ana ki tētahi hōia, he koretake te whakatau. I whakakorea e te Kōti tētahi whakataunga whakahē nā te mea "he iti noa iho, he iti noa iho rānei te whakaaro tūturu a te āpiha" ki te mea he huarahi kē atu haumaru, pono hoki tā te kaitono hei mahi i te ratonga (Kāpāri, i te para 21).

5.3 Rārangi Arowhai Taunakitanga Whānui mō te Whakatoi

Kia angitu i raro i te Gaytan, Rodriguez Anzola, a Zigta, me whakauru i roto i te tuku a te kaitono ngā taunakitanga taipitopito, kua oatitia e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga katoa o tōna wheako ki te whakauru ki te ope taua:

6. Anga Rautaki mō te Whakautu ki tētahi Reta Tikanga Tikanga (PFL)

Ina tukuna e te IRCC he PFL e kī ana he kore whakaaetia i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(c) (f rānei), me whakarite te whakautu mā te whakamahi i ngā tūranga ture rerekē. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi whakapae whānui kotahi ka tūpono te kaitono ki te whakakorenga tonu mēnā ka whakakahoretia taua whakaaro kotahi e te āpiha.

6.1 Hipanga 1: Te Whakamārama i ngā Tūturutanga me te Whakataurite i ngā Tauākī o Mua

Me tīmata te whakautu me tētahi kōrero mārama e whakamārama ana i te wā o te mahi whakahau:

"I mahi ahau i te ratonga hōia ā-ture (Sarbazi) mai i [Te Rā] ki [Te Rā] i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga ture o Iran. Kāore au i tono ā-tūao, i uru atu rānei, i rapu rānei i te mema o te IRGC, kāore hoki au i tango i ōna whakaaro, i rapu whakatairanga, i whakaroa i taku ratonga, i mahi rānei i tētahi mahi hei whakatairanga i ngā whāinga kaiwhakatuma."

Te Whakataurite i ngā Kupu: He maha ngā wā i whakamahia ai e ngā kaitono Iranian ngā kupu "mema" me te "ratonga" hei whakawhitiwhiti i te whakakī i ngā puka noho rangitahi, noho pūmau rānei o mua. Mena kei te kī ngā puka manene o mua, ngā tauākī rerenga, ngā tuhinga uiui rānei he "mema o te IRGC" te kaitono, me mārama te whakautu ki tēnei wehewehenga.

Me whakamārama te whakautu i whakamahia te kupu i roto i te tikanga whakaahua noa iho, ehara i te tikanga ture hei tohu i te aroaro tinana i te wā o te mahi hōia, kaua ki te pono tūao, ki te mema whaimana rānei o te whakahaere.

6.2 Hipanga 2: Te Whakahē i te Wāhi Whaiaro o te Wāhanga 34(1)(c)

Me whakahē pūmau te tuku i ngā whakapae katoa mō te mahi whakatuma a te kaitono i raro i te pararāfu (c):

• Whakaratohia he whakamārama whānui mō ngā mahi o ia rā (hei tauira, he kaimahi tari, he taraiwa, he mīhini taketake, he tunu kai, he kaitiaki i tētahi whare tiaki kore e aro nui ki ngā mahi);
• Whakaūtia kāore te kaitono i whakahaere i ngā mahi whawhai, i te kohikohi mōhiohio, i ngā mahi pupuri, i ngā mahi pirihimana ārai-tangata rānei;
• Whakaūtia kāore i te kaitono te hiahia motuhake e tika ana hei whakamate, hei whara kino rānei i te tinana mō tētahi kaupapa akiaki, kaupapa tōrangapū rānei i raro i te ture. Suresh a Foisal.

6.3 Hipanga 3: Te Whakatū i te Mema Whakahau hei Whakakore i te wāhanga 34(1)(f)

Hei hinga i te turanga mema i raro i te pararāfu (f), me whakaatu e te whakautu he parenga katoa mō te akiaki i raro i Gaytan a Rodriguez Anzola:

• Whakamāramahia te tukanga kōwhiri ā-ture mō te hunga e mahi ana i ngā mahi a te Ope Taua o Iran (Setad-e Kol-le Qavvat-e Mosallah) ka tuku matapōkeretia ngā hōia ki ngā ope taua o Artesh, o IRGC rānei, me te kore he urupare a te kaitono;
• Tuhia ngā whiu motuhake mō te karo i te hoia, te whakarere rānei i Iran, me te whakahua i ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o te Ture Hara Hoia o Iran (Qanun-e Mojazat-e Jaraye'm-e Mosallah), tae atu ki te mauheretanga kino, te tukino tinana i te wā e puritia ana i roto i te ope taua, me ngā mōrearea nui ki te haumaru o te whānau;
• Whakaaturia i mahi te kaitono hei tiaki i a ia anō, ā, kāore i a ia tētahi ara mawhiti haumaru, tūturu rānei, tētahi atu huarahi kē atu rānei.

6.4 Hipanga 4: Ngā Tukunga Tuhituhi me ngā Taunakitanga

Me tautokona he whakautu PFL whakatenatena e ngā taunakitanga tuhinga tuatahi:

1. Te Oati Whakaoati: He kōrero whānui, kua whakamanahia e te kairīpoata, mai i te kaitono e whakamārama ana i te wā tika, te tukanga kōwhiri, ngā mahi o ia rā, ngā whakahau i whakawhiwhia, me te āhua hinengaro i te wā e mahi ana.
2. Ngā Rekoata Hoia Whaimana: Ngā kāri whakahaunga (Kart-e Payan-e Khedmat), ngā tiwhikete whakawātea, ngā whakahau tuku mahi, me ngā tono whakawhiti.
3. Ngā tuhinga tautoko: Ngā tuhinga whakaroa mātauranga, ngā tono whakawātea hauora, ngā āpitihanga a ngā kaiwhakaatu mai i ngā hoa pirihimana, ngā āpiha matua rānei (mēnā he haumaru, he tika hoki), me ngā tuhinga pupuri.
4. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whenua me ngā Taunakitanga a ngā Tohunga: Ngā pūrongo a ngā tohunga whenua motuhake, ngā tuhinga a te UNHCR, me ngā pūrongo tika tangata e whakaatu ana i te āhua whakahau o te whakahaunga o Iran ki te haere ki te ope taua, te tohatoha tūpono o ngā whakahaunga ki te IRGC, me ngā hua kino o te whakakorenga whakahaunga.

7. Te Whakaū i te Tikanga Tikanga: Te Tono i ngā Taunakitanga Tūturu

Me whakarato e te Reta Tikanga Tikanga ki te kaitono ngā mōhiohio e ranea ana kia mārama ai ia ki te take e pā ana ki a ia. I roto i ngā take kore whakaaetia mō te haumarutanga, he maha ngā wā ka tukuna e ngā āpiha IRCC ngā PFL koretake e pā ana ki te "katoa o ngā taunakitanga" me ngā aromatawai mōhiohio ngaro.

7.1 Te Kawenga o te Whakakitenga i raro i Tāmilselvan a Keng

Mā te tika o ngā tikanga i roto i te ture whakahaere ka whakamanahia me whiwhi te kaitono i "ngā mōhiohio e ahu mai ana i te whakataunga" kia taea ai e rātou te whakautu whai tikanga, te whakatika i ngā hapa, me te tuku taunakitanga whakahē (Thamilselvan v. Kānata (Tūranga Tangata Whenua me te Manene)(, 2022 FC 66, i te para 18).

Ahakoa e herea ana te whakaaturanga tuturu o ngā mōhiohio tairongo mō te haumarutanga ā-motu i raro i te wāhanga 87 o te IRPA, e hiahiatia ana e te IRCC kia whakaatuhia ngā meka matua me ngā take e ārahi ana i te aromatawai:

• Geng v. Kānata (Tūranga Tangata Whenua me te Manene), 2023 FC 773: I whakatau te Kōti Matua me whakarato e te IRCC te "kaupapa matua" o ngā āwangawanga haumarutanga ki te kaitono. Ko te PFL e whakahua pōhewa ana i ngā mōhiohio papamuri whānui me te pupuri i ngā pūrongo tuturu, i ngā whakarāpopototanga tātari rānei i ārahi i te aromatawai a te āpiha, ka takahi i te tika o te tukanga (Keng, kei ngā pararāfu 72-73).
• Thamilselvan v. Kānata, 2022 FC 66: Ina kei roto i ngā pūrongo ā-roto kāore i whakaaturia te tātaritanga kaha a te āpiha manene, a te tari haumarutanga rānei, mō te tūranga motuhake a te kaitono—kaua e tārua noa i ngā kōrero a te kaitono—mā te pupuri i aua tuhinga ka ārai i tētahi urupare whai tikanga, ā, ka whakakore i te whakatau (Tāmilselvan, i te para 19).

7.2 Ngā Tono Taunakitanga Whaimana

Ina whakautu ana ki tētahi PFL, me whakauru mana e te rōia te tono kia whakapuakina katoatia ki roto i te tuku tuhinga:

TE TONO WHAKAMĀRAMA MŌ TE WHAKAATURANGA:

1. Ngā tārua katoa o ngā aromatawai ā-roto, ngā pūrongo tirotiro, me ngā tuhipoka mai i te Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), te Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), me te National Security Screening Division (NSSD) i whakawhirinakihia e te āpiha;
2. Ko ngā pūrongo āhua motuhake o te whenua, ngā aratohu whakahaere, ngā tuhinga tuwhera rānei i whakawhirinakihia hei hono i te wae hōia motuhake a te kaitono ki te whakahaere matua o te IRGC;
3. Ko te matihiko pono i whakawhirinakihia hei whakapae i te mema tūao i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(f) me te whai wāhi takitahi i raro i te wāhanga 34(1)(c); ā,
4. He whakaroa wā whaimana hei tāpiri i te whakautu matua ina tae mai te whakaaturanga kua tonoa.

Mā te tuku i tēnei tono ki te rēkoti ka tiakina ngā tika o te kaitono. Mēnā ka whakakahoretia e te IRCC te whakaaturanga, ā, ka puta he whakatau whakahē, ko te korenga e whakarato i ngā taunakitanga taketake ka waiho hei pūtake pakari mō te Arotake Whakawā i mua i te Kōti Matua o Kanata.

8. Whakaora Ture me ngā Rongoā Rerekē

He mea nui te mārama ki ngā rongoā e wātea ana—me ngā rongoā e aukatia ana e te ture—mō te whakamahere rautaki mō te wā roa.

8.1 Ngā Whakapuakitanga a ngā Minita i raro i te wāhanga 42.1(1) IRPA

Kāore he whakawātea ture aunoa i roto i te Wāhanga 34 mō ngā tāngata i mahi i raro i te akiaki, i te whakahau rānei kia haere ki te hōia. Mena ka whakatauhia he kaitono kāore e whakaaetia i raro i te Wāhanga 34, ko te tikanga ture matua mō te whakaora he Whakapuakitanga Minita i raro i Wāhanga 42.1(1) o te IRPA:

Wāhanga 42.1(1) Whakapuakitanga a te Minita:
"Ka āhei te Minita, i runga i te tono a tētahi tangata whenua ke, ki te whakapuaki ko ngā take kua whakahuatia i roto i te wāhanga 34 … ehara i te mea kāore e whakaaetia … mēnā ka whakamanahia e rātou te Minita kāore i te takahi i te painga o te motu."

Kei roto i tētahi tono mō te Wāhanga 42.1 tētahi arotake whānui a Public Safety Canada me te Minita. Nā te mea ko te paepae e hangai katoa ana ki te "painga ā-motu," me whai i tētahi Whakapuakitanga Minita hei rongoā whakakapi motuhake, kaua hei whakakapi mō te tautohetohe i te kitenga tuatahi o te kore whakaaetia i roto i te whakautu a te PFL.

8.2 Te Ture mō te Whakaora i te H&C i raro i te wāhanga 25(1) IRPA

Ko tētahi hapa noa e mahia ana e ngā kaitono kāore i te māngaitia ko te tono kia whakaarohia te Kaupapa Tangata me te Aroha (H&C) i raro i te Wāhanga 25(1) o te IRPA ina tūtaki ana ki te kore e whakaaetia te haumarutanga.

E ārai ana te Wāhanga 25(1) i te whakakorenga o te H&C mō te korenga e whakaaetia te haumarutanga:

"Kaua te Minita e whai whakaaro ki tētahi tono mō ngā whakaaro atawhai tangata me te aroha mēnā kāore e whakaaetia te tangata whenua ke i raro i te wāhanga 34, 35, 37 rānei." (IRPA, wāhanga 25(1))

Nō reira, kāore he mana ture o ngā āpiha IRCC ki te whakakore i te korenga o te Wāhanga 34 i runga i ngā take aroha, te whakatūnga whānau, te painga rānei o te tamaiti. Me aro nui ngā tautohe ture katoa i roto i te whakautu a te PFL ki te whakahē i ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga ture o te wāhanga 34(1)(c) me te wāhanga 34(1)(f).

9. He Wānanga Ture Koreutu me te Tuku Āwhina PFL Motuhake

Ko te rapu i tētahi Reta Tikanga Tikanga e pā ana ki te IRGC, i tētahi whakataunga rānei mō te kore whakaaetanga haumarutanga, me whai māngai ture motuhake. E tono ana a Pax Law Corporation kia tae mai koe ki tā mātou wānanga ture tūmatanui kore utu e haere ake nei hei matapaki i ēnei whanaketanga me tā mātou tīma tautohe manene.

Ngā Taipitopito o te Huihuinga

• Kaupapa: Te Whakatere i te Kore Whakaaetia o te Haumarutanga IRGC, te Whakahaunga Hoia, me te Whakautu ki ngā Reta Tikanga (wāhanga 34 IRPA)
• rā: Paraire, Akuhata 14, 2026
• Wā: 1:00 i te ahiahi – 3:00 i te ahiahi PDT
• wāhi: Te Pokapū Hapori o Delbrook (Rūma Arbutus), 851 W Queens Rd, Te Tai Tokerau o Vancouver, BC V7N 4E3
• Whakauru: Koreutu (Tuwhera ki te marea)

Hekenga Haerenga Motuhake

Mena kua whiwhi koe, tētahi mema rānei o te whānau i tētahi Reta Tikanga Tikanga (PFL) e pāngia ana rānei koe e ngā āwangawanga mō te kore whakaurua ki te haumarutanga nā te mea he mahi hōia ā-ture a Iran i roto i te IRGC, mauria mai ō tuhinga ki te wānanga. Kei te tuku a Pax Law Corporation i tētahi 10% hekenga i ngā utu ture mō ngā ratonga urupare PFL ki ngā tāngata katoa i tae mai me te whakaatu i te haerenga mai.

Mō ngā pātai ture, mō te whakarite rānei i tētahi hui kōrero ki tā mātou tīma tautohe manene, tirohia te Te Kamupene Ture o Pax paetukutuku.